MSC-100 final

Tchaikovsky (1840 – 1893)

Slavic Orchestration, Russian Nationalism

Impressionism

Stress on tone color, atmosphere and fluidity

When was Modern music?

1900 - 1945

When was impressionism music?

1884-1918

atonality

Absence of tonality or key, characteristic of much of the twentieth century compositions

consonance

Tone combination that is stable and restful

dissonance

Tone combination that is unstable and tense

expressionism

Musical Style stressing intense, subjective emotion and harsh dissonance, typical of German and Austrian music of the early twentieth century (1905-1925).

neoclassicism

A music style (1920–1950) that brings back the balance and clear sound of 1700s music, with less emotion and more structure.

polyrhythm

Use of two or more contrasting and independent rhythms at the same time, often found in twentieth century music

polytonality

Approach to pitch organization using two or more keys at one time, often found in twentieth century music

sprechstimme

In German, speech voice, a style of vocal performance half way between speaking and singing, typical of Schoenberg and his followers

symphonic poem (tone poem)

Programmatic composition for orchestra in one movement, which may have a traditional form (such as sonata or rondo) or an original, irregular form

zeitgeist

Spirit of the Times

chance music

Music composed by the random selection of pitches, tone colors, and rhythms, developed in the 1950s by John Cage and other

12 - bar blues

In vocal blues and jazz, a harmonic frame work that is 12 bars in length, usually involving only three basic chords: tonic (I), subdominant (IV), and dominant (V)

bebop

Complex jazz style, usually for small groups, developed in the 1940’s and meant for attentive listening rather than dancing

blues

A style and form of music that helped shape jazz, known for its “blue” (slightly lowered) notes and a 3-line lyric pattern (AAB).

call and response

A musical pattern where one singer or instrument “calls” (plays or sings a phrase) and another answers it

cool jazz

Jazz style related to bebop, but more relaxed in character and relying more heavily on arrangements developed around 1950

electronic instrument

Instrument whose sound is produced, modified, or amplified by electronic means.

Ex. Bass Guitar, Guitar, Keyboard or Drums

free jazz

Jazz style that departs from traditional jazz in not being based on regular forms and established chord patterns; developed during the 1960s

jazz

music rooted in improvisation and characterized by syncopated rhythm, steady beat and unique tone colors and performance techniques

jazz rock (fusion)

Style that combines the jazz musician’s improvisatory approach with rock rhythms and tone colors; developed in the 1960s

ragtime

A piano music style (1890s–1915) with a steady left-hand beat (“oom-pah”) and a syncopated, bouncy melody in the right hand.

claude debussy

A French composer who created impressionist music, known for soft, dreamy sounds and new ways of using harmony

who was prelude a l’apres-midi d’un faune by?

composer claude debussy

maurice ravel

A French composer known for impressionist music with clear structure, rich detail, and colorful orchestration.

who was bolero by?

composer maurice ravel

what is the form of bolero?

AABB

igor stravinsky

A Russian composer known for bold, rhythmic, and modern music that changed how 20th-century music sounded.

who was le sacre du printemps by?

composer igor stravinsky

sergei prokofiev

A Russian composer known for powerful, modern music with strong rhythms, bold melodies, and dramatic style.

zeitgeist

german word for “spirit of times”

avant-garde

Art, literature, or music considered to be

ahead of its time –misunderstood and rejected now but, in

the future, it will be accepted.

arnold schoenberg

An Austrian composer who created atonal (no key center) music and developed the 12-tone system.

who was the modestrunken (moondrunk) by?

composer arnold schoenberg

alban berg

An Austrian composer who used Schoenberg’s 12-tone style but mixed it with emotional, expressive music

anton webern

An Austrian composer known for very short, simple, and precise 12-tone music.

bela bartok

A Hungarian composer who mixed folk music with modern styles and used strong rhythms and unusual sounds.

dmitri shostakovich

A Russian composer known for intense, emotional music that often reflected life under Soviet rule

charles ives

An American composer known for mixing different melodies and styles at the same time in experimental music.

george gershwin

An American composer who blended jazz and classical music, known for works like Rhapsody in Blue.

florence beatirce smith

An American composer who combined classical music with African American spirituals, known as a pioneering Black female composer.

florence price

An American composer who was the first Black woman to gain national recognition for classical music, blending spirituals with orchestral style.

william grant still

An American composer known as the “Dean of African American composers,” who blended classical music with jazz, blues, and spirituals.

aaron copland

An American composer known for creating a distinct “American sound” in classical music, using open, simple melodies inspired by folk and rural life

edgard varese

A modern composer known for experimental music using unusual sounds, noise, and new electronic techniques.

scott joplin

An African American composer known as the “King of Ragtime,” famous for popularizing ragtime piano music.

duke ellington

An American jazz composer and bandleader known for leading a famous orchestra and writing many jazz classics.

leonard bernstein

An American composer and conductor known for bringing classical music to wider audiences and writing West Side Story.