LECT 12 - BIO 30

concerned with heredity in groups of individuals or population. studies the genetic constitution of

population.

Population Genetics

how the genetic constitution changes from generation to generation. predicts the fate of a gene in a population

Population Genetics

group of sexually or potentially interbreeding individuals sharing a common gene pool.

population

composed of individuals in the population that are involved in sexual reproduction. direct contributors to the gene pool for the next generation

effective population size

relative proportion of the different alleles of a gene in a population

Gene frequency

the sum total of genes in the reproductive gametes of the population. It is the gametic pool. Samples are drawn at random. include the gametes that will form the zygote for the next generation

Gene pool

who made Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg

change from recessive to dominant or dominant to recessive

mutation

addition or removal of alleles in a population

migration

considers reproductive advantage or disadvantage of a particular genotype

selection

change in allele frequency is due to sampling error

random genetic drift

reproductive success of one phenotype as opposed to alternative phenotype

relative fitness

force acting upon a phenotype to reduce its fitness or adaptive value

Selection pressure

phenotypic extremes are eliminated, favored phenotypes (mean)

stabilizing

one extreme is favored

directional

both extremes are selected for

disruptive or diversifying

If small number of individuals migrate into a new location, they become founder of a new population.

founder effect

proposed founder effect

mayr

mating between individuals with common ancestry

inbreeding

appearance of deleterious phenotypes

inbreeding depression

probability that any two alleles at a locus are alike by descent

inbreeding coefficient

genetically distinct population of the same species that differ in the relative frequency of some genes

race

group of interbreeding natural population that is reproductively isolated and share a common gene pool

species

species that inhabit separate geographic region

Allopatric speciation

species that inhabit at least in part the same geographic region

Sympatric speciation