Biology - Sexual Organs

What do follicular cells do?

Synthesize and secrete steroid hormones - estrogens, progestins, and androgens

What is the primary follicle?

An immature ovarian follicle surrounded by single layer of cuboidal cells known as granulosa cells

What is the secondary (growing) follicle?

Consists of many layers of cuboidal cells known as membrana granulosa cells, secretes follicular fluid.

What is the female reproductive cell called

the ovum

What does the graafian follicle do?

Provides for the maturation and release of a fertilizable oocyte. Also forms the corpus luteum, which promotes and maintains implantation of the embryo

What is ovulation

•- release of an egg from your ovary, into your fallopian tube. It typically happens about 13–15 days before the start of each period. 

What does the corpus luteum secrete

releases hormones progesterone (in a higher amount) and estrogen (in a lower amount

What is the corpus luteum

•- Once the egg has been released at ovulation, the empty follicle that is left in the ovary is called the corpus luteum.

What hormones increase during the follicular phase?

Estrogen spikes at the end of the phase, LH and FSH increase and then spike

What hormones increase during the luteal phase?

Progesterone, and estrogen (lower extent)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone

Allows spermatogenesis, production of sperm

Luteinizing Hormone

Produces testosterone

Testosterone

Matures sperm, penis and testes Controls secondary sexual characteristigs i.e.deep voice, hair beneath arms muscles etc.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (for women)

Released during day 1-13 of the menstrual cycle which causes the development of a follicle in the ovary, this follicle secretes estrogen.

Estrogen

Repairs the uterine wall and prohibits the release of FSH so that no more follicles develop Causes the secretion of Leutenizing Horone(LH) Produced by ovarian follicles which thickens endometrium.

Luteinizing Hormone (for females)

During days 15 28, LF is arried in the bloodstream where it promotes the development of the corpus luteum which secretes progesterone

Progesterone

Secreted by corpus luteum which doubles the thickness of the endomctrium

Prolactin

llows milk production

Oxytocin

Allows milk to flow from the duets in the breast

Ovaries

Produce egg and sex hormones, Contains follicles Ovulation occurs on day 14 of cycle Corpus luteum develops when follicle has lost its egg No pregnancy, corpus luteum breaks down after 10 days If pregnancy occurs, corpus luteum lasts for 3-6 months

Fallopian tube/Oviducts

Conducts egg towards the uterus Fertilization occurs here

Uterus/Womb

Houses the developing fetus Thick muscular organ Lined by the endometrium which forms the placenta

Cervix

Mouth of the uterus Where pap smear test is done to detect for cancer

Vagina

Receives penis during copulation Lower portion of the Birth Canal

Vulva

External organs Has two large folds called labia majora Labia minora are the two smaller folds of skin that forms the Clitoris-sensitive to stimulation Hymen-ring of that closes the vagina, ruptured during first intercourse.

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