Cells

Unit 3: Cells. Semester 1, Quarter 2

What Englishman is credited with the discovery of the cell?

Robert Hooke

What is the difference between structure and function?

Structure is looks, composition, physical, etc. whereas function is the way it works, how it does things

State the three parts of the cell theory

1. Everything is made up of cells

2. Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of the body

3. Cells come from other preexisting cells

The cell theory is credited to whom?

Schwann, Schleiden, and Hooke

Which four structures are common to plant cells but not animal cells?

1. Cell wall

2. Chloroplast

3. Large central vacuole

4. Plastids

Which structure controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell?

Cell membrane

The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, is made up of what chemicals?

Phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and cholesterol

Which kingdoms are represented by specimens you observed under the microscope?

Plant and animal

What tissue did Robert Hooke use when he discovered cells?

Cork

Name six tissues you examined microscopically

Cork, moss/elodea, onion, cheek, potato, carrot

What was the only tissue you examined that had chloroplasts?

Moss/elodea

You were NOT supposed to use water or stain with this tissue

Cork

All the cells examined under a microscope were alive, except for

Cork

The only cells without a cell wall (from what we examined) were the

Cheek

Methylene blue stain was to be used on these cells only

Cheek

The ______ and the _____ cells were to be stained with Lugol’s Iodine

Onion and the potato

Amyloplasts were found in which cells only

Potato

The only non-plant cell(s) we studied

Cheek

This instrument was used for making thin sections of plant tissues

Microtome

Starch turns these colors after an iodine solution is added to it.

First amber, then black, blue, or purple

Amoebas have a “false foot” that extend their cytoplasm outside of the membrane to move and eat food. What are their extensions called?

Pseudopod

The molecules containing the genetic information for all functions, structures, and physical traits, most of which are found in the nucleus

DNA

Name four unicellular organisms you examined microscopically?

Amoeba, euglena, paramecium, and yeast

Were the organisms in question 25 eukaryotic or prokaryotic? How do you know?

Eukaryotic, because you could see the nucleus inside

What magnification does the eyepiece, scanning lens, LP, and HP have?

10x, 4x, 10x, and 40x

How do you calculate magnification of the image while using the compound light microscope?

Multiply 2 lens magnification together (10×40=400x)

How do you adjust the light levels on the microscope to enhance the view of the specimen?

Adjust the diaphragm

Paramecium have short, hair-like projections from the cell membrane that make the organism move. What are their extensions called?

Cilia

Euglena have long, whip-like structures that extend from the cell membrane to provide motility. What are their extensions called?

Flagella

Starch plastids in plant cells are called

Amyloplasts

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

.

Pili

One circular chromosome, no nuclear membrane

Nucleoid/DNA

Small, spherical sacs that are surrounded by a membrane

Vesicle

Responsible for building protein molecules

Ribosomes

Fluid and structures, such as the exoskeleton and all organelles except the nucleus

Cytoplasm

Thread-like DNA that is not condensed

Chromatin

Porous but rigid supporting layer that lies outside of the cell membrane found in plant, fungi, bacteria, and some protists’ cells

Cell wall

Large fluid-filled organelle that stores not only water but also enzymes, waste, and other materials; Most commonly found in plant cells

Central Vacuole

A dense region of the nucleus where the RNA and ribosomes are made

Nucleolus

A many celled organism

Multicellular

Network of microtubules and filaments that crisscrosses the cytosol.

Cytoskeleton

Creates ATP (cell energy) using organic molecules (i.e.sugar, glucose)

Mitochondria

Uses light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water; Has pigment called chlorophyll, which reflects green light therefore making it appear green.

Chloroplasts

Condensed DNA that is organized around histones (basic proteins found in chromatin)

Chromosome

Single celled organism

Unicellular

Receives vesicles from the ER. They modify the new proteins and lipids and direct them to various places in the cell

Golgi Apparatus

Acts as an intracellular highway that transports molecules from one part of the cell to another.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Located or occurring within a cell or cells

Intracellular

What is the difference between cytosol, cytoplasm, and protoplasm?

.

What is the difference between rough and smooth ER?

.

A well-defined, intracullular body that performs specific functions for the cell; “Little organs”

Organelle

Digestive enzyme

Lysosome