APUSH Period 4 Review: People

Thomas Jefferson

• was trying to avoid war, despite foreign entanglements leading up to his presidency.

• Disagrees with the missouri compromise

John Marshall

• Chief justice for the McCulloch v. Maryland Case

• The cases of the period under him redefined the powers of the federal government or emphasized the constitution

James Monroe

• Democratic republican 

• 3rd democratic republican president 

• His presidency is the era of good feelings 

• Revolutionary War hero. 

• Virginian 

• No real political rival

  • Represented growing nationalism 

• Acquired Florida 

• Agreed to Missouri Compromise 

• Adopted a new Doctrine

• adopted a more aggressive nationalistic foreign policy approach 

Henry Clay

• Created the American system

• Proposed the Missouri compromise

• Leader of the War Hawks

John Quincy Adams

• Secretary of state to James Monroe 

• Son of john adams

• Disagreed with the Monroe doctrine

• Adams-Onis Treaty

• ran in the election of 1824

• democratic republican

• as president he gives Clay secretary of state 

• Upset Democratic Republicans by: 

  • Asking Congress  for money for internal improvements 

  • Wanting national university/astronomical observatory 

• DRs thought it was a violation of constitution THEN 

  • Made new Tariff law - “Tariff of Abominations” 

  • Upset Southern Planters

Eli Whitney

• Invented the cotton gin

Samuel Slater

•  brought his knowledge of the factory system to the US with him to create the factory system

Andrew Jackson

• Led a military campaign

• stopped the raiders. 

  • Did it with a gusto! 

  • Led force into Florida 

    • Destroyed villages, hanged natives, drove out the Spanish governor, hanged two British 

• gave political jobs to people who had supported him. 

• limited people to one term in office 

• won the most popular votes in the election of 1824

• “Old Hickory”

• rough around the edges.

  • He represented the working and middle classes. 

• Constitutionalist

• opposed government spending

• passed the Indian removal act

• agreed the union should hold concerning the Webster - Hayne debate

• passed the force bill

• passed the proclamation of the people of south Carolina

• His strong action to protect the federal government upset states rights dem-republicans. 

  • Southerns continued to support him though

    • He used executive power to stop anti-slavery sentiment from spreading 

    • Did not extend democracy to African Americans 

• Believed the second national bank of America only served the wealthy

• When the two party system emerged, the democrats followed him

• Tried to shut down the second national bank

• Did not run for a third term.

Marin Van Buren

• VP to Andrew Jackson in his second presidency

William Henry Harrison

• Whigs canditate in 1840

  • ran a crazy campaign

    • Rolled around log cabins,

    • gave out buttons and hard cider,

    • slandered Martin Van Buren 

• Won with 73% of the votes

• Gave a long inauguration speech without a coat causing him to get pneumonia and die.

John Tyler

• VP to william henry harrison

  • Took over as president when he died

• Not much of a whig

  • Vetoed national bank bulls and internal improvement legislation

Ralph Waldo Emerson

• Popular writer and speaker 

• Urged Americans to create their own culture 

• Self - Reliance and independent thinking 

• Spiritual over material matters 

• Abolitionist 

• Went to brook farm

• Spoke at small universities in lyceum societies

Henry David Thoreau

•  Tested beliefs by living in woods for 2 years. 

  • Wrote book about experience called “Walden” 

  • Look for truth about life and universe in nature 

• Thought US war with Mexico was immoral. 

  • Wouldn’t pay tax to fund it. 

  • Jailed 

  • Wrote “On Civil Disobedience” 

    • Encouraged nonviolent movements in the future.

George Ripley

• Founded brook farm

Theodore Parker

• Went to brook farm

Margaret Fuller

• Went to brook farm

Nathaniel Hawthorne

• Went to brook farm

• Wrote “The Scarlet Letter”

John Humphrey Noyes

• Founded the oneida community

Charles Fourier

• French socialist

• advocated for communal living and work

• founded the ____ Phalanxes

Robert Owen

• Founded new harmony

George Caleb Bingham

• Painted common people carrying out chores

William S. Mount

• Painted rural compositions

Thomas Cole and Frederic Church

• Painted American landscapes

Washington Irving

• Wrote “rip van winkle”

• Wrote “sleepy hollow”

James Fenimore Cooper

• Wrote “leatherstocking tales”

Herman Melville

• Focused on irrational human behavior

• Wrote short poems

  • “the rave”

  • “The Tell-Tale Heart”

Timothy Dwight

• Educated reverend

• Led the SGA

Charles Grandison Finney

• Started revivals in upstate NY

• Didn’t appeal to rational argument, rather emotion and fear of damnation  

• Individual saved through hard work 

  • Like in market revolution - appealed to middle class 

William Miller

• Millennialist

• spread the belief that the world would end on October 21, 1844

• Spurred the continuation of the seventh-day adventists

Joseph Smith

• Founded the mormon church

• moved often to avoid persecution

• Murdered

Brigham Young

• Led the mormons to utah after the murder of joseph smith

Sarah and Angela Grimke

• Wrote the “Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women”

Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

• barred from antislavery conventions

• Started a campaign for women’s rights

  • Seneca Falls Convention 1848

  • Declaration of Sentiments 

Horace Mann

• Massachusetts Secretary of Education 

• Advocated for 

  • Free public school 

  • Compulsory attendance 

  • Longer school year 

  • Increased teacher preparation

William McGuffey

• Made textbooks that taught reading as well as hard work, punctuality, and sobriety

William Lloyd Garrison

• Radical Abolitionist

• Wrote “The Liberator”

• Led to a split in the abolitionist movement

Fredrick Douglas

• Freed slave abolitionist

• Could provide first hand experience 

• Advocated for political action 

• Started anti-slavery journal “The North Star”

Harriet Tubman

• Helped organize efforts to assist fugitive slaves and move them to free territory

• Built the underground railroad

David Ruggles

• Helped organize efforts to assist fugitive slaves and move them to free territory

Sojourner Truth

• Helped organize efforts to assist fugitive slaves and move them to free territory

William Still

• Helped organize efforts to assist fugitive slaves and move them to free territory

David Walker and Henry Highland Garnet

• advocated that the enslaved should rise up and revolt against their owners. 

Nat Turner

• Led a slave revolt that killed 55 whites

  • 1000 slaves were killed in retaliation

Amelia Bloomer

• Part of the women’s dress reforms

  • to allow women to wear more forgiving clothes so they can be more active

• called for women to wear  bloomer pants instead of skirts

Gabriel Prosser

• Led a slave revolt where he engaged 1000 other enslaved people to rise up against their oppressor

• Betrayed and executed

Denmark Vesey

• Free African American

• Planned to seize ships and sail to freedom

• Betrayed and executed