CLONING

Asexual

• One parent

• Occurs in single celled organisms and some plants and fungi (PROKARYOTES)

• Offspring looks exactly like parent (REPLICA)

• SAME number and type of chromosomes as parent cell

• Reproduction happens very QUICKLY

• Parent cells will be competing with a great number of offspring for nutrients, water and space to grow.

• Lessens the ability to adapt to environment because strengths and weaknesses the same.

SEXUAL

• 2 parents

• Combines genetic info from 2 individuals of different types

• Occurs in animals and flowering plants (EUKARYOTES)

• Offspring = Similar to both, not identical to either

NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES

• Half comes from one parent (mother), other half comes from another (Father)

• 23 Chromosomes PARENT 1 + 23 Chromosomes PARENT 2 = 46 TOTAL

SPEED, CELLS, FERTILIZATION

• Longer than Asexual Reproduction

Males → Sperm contains 23 C

Females → Eggs contain 23 C

Offspring → Both info + 46 C

Greater variations in offspring, blend of genetic info.

Better able to adapt to environment + survive

FERTILIZATION

• Creates a single-celled Zygote which includes genetic info from both gametes

• Diversity and survival of the fittest

• Meiosis — Diploid cells (46) divide into haploid cells (23)

CLONING

• Genetically identical individuals of an organism either naturally (identical twins) or artificially

• In nature, organisms produce clones through Asexual reproduction

• Artificially, Biotechnology — creating clones / copies of cells / DNA fragments