10a The Replication Crisis

A series of flashcards designed to help understand key concepts related to the replication crisis and the reliability of published research findings.

Replication Crisis

The growing concern that many published research findings are unreliable or false.

p-value

A statistical measure that helps determine the significance of research findings, typically using a threshold of 0.05.

Type I error (α)

The probability of claiming a finding exists when it does not; a false positive.

Type II error (β)

The probability of failing to detect a finding when it is true; a false negative.

Study Power

The likelihood that a study will detect an effect when there is an effect to be detected.

Effect Size

A quantitative measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon.

Publication Bias

The tendency for journals to publish only significant or positive results, leading to a distortion in the literature.

HARKing

Hypothesizing After the Results are Known; presenting hypotheses based on previously gathered results.

False Positive Finding

A research outcome that incorrectly indicates a relationship or effect that does not exist.

Research Design Variability

Differences in research methodology that can lead to variability in the results and claims of research studies.

Conflicts of Interest

Situations where personal interests or financial incentives may compromise the integrity of research.

Statistical Significance Testing

The process of determining whether a research finding is likely due to chance or indicates a real effect.

Sampling Error

The error that occurs when a sample does not represent the population from which it is drawn.