queen elizabeth

What were the reasons the attempts to colonise virginia failed? (3)

Problems on the voyage

The inexperience of the colonists

Resistance from the native Americans

What was the problem on the voyage that affected the crops they planned to grow?

The voyage left England too late in the year so when the colonists arrived on Roanoke island it was too late for the colonists to plant crops

What was a problem on the voyage that affected the food for the journey.

1- the climate on the voyage was very hot which caused the food to rot whilst they were on the journey.

2- one of the ships on the voyage became damaged, sea water flooded in and damaged the seeds and some of the food the had brought.

What was a problem with the inexperience of the colonists which impacted to the fail of colonisation?

(Teamwork)

A large group of the colonists were farmers and wanted to farm their own land, they did not want to work for the upper-class colonists

What was a problem in the inexperience of the colonists which impacted to the fail of colonisation? (Lazy)

Many of the colonists were hoping to get rich quickly but were met with having to forage for food. They did not want to put up with the hard work and hardship.

Wat was a problem with the inexperience of the colonists which impacted to the fail of the colonisation of virginia? (Hint: No skill)

Many of the colonists had no desire to do physical work, the group had brought many soldiers who did not have the skills to farm the land.

What was the resistance from the native Americans which impacted to the failure of colonisation in virginia? (Hint: crops)

The problems with planting crops meant the the colonists became dependent on the native tribes of the island.

What was the resistance from the native Americans which impacted to the failure of colonisation in virginia? (Hint: chief)

The chief of the local tribe became suspicious and fed up of the English and asked other chiefs to join him in attacking the English.

The role of the church

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What is excommunication?

When you are excluded from the church and condemned to hell after death.

What was the Elizabethan religious settlement?

The religious settlement was an attempt to change the Church of England to accommodate all religions groups and end religious division

What was the act of supremacy? (3)

• made Elizabeth the supreme governor of the church, taking power away from the catholic pope in Rome.

• Elizabeths title of governor didn’t imply she was above the pope

• this appeased the Catholics and Puritans who were uncomfortable with the monarch as the head of religion.

What was the act of uniformity? (3)

• introduced a set of church service,

Book of common prayer which was deliberately unclear to let people interpret it how they would like.

(E.g. bread of wine, catholic=body+blood

Protestant=symbol of remembrance)

•appearance of church,

(E.g. ornaments, decoration and music allowed, priests had to wear special clothing.)

• anybody who did not attend church would be fined.

What were the royal injunctions?

A set of instructions used to reinforce the acts:

• anyone who refuses to attend church is reported to the privy council

• Each parish had to have a bible copy in english

• No one could preach without a license

• Pilgrimages banned

• Clergy were to wear special vestments

Plots and revolts against Elizabeth

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What were the main points to the Puritan revolt? And what were the threats?

• crucifix, (Jesus on the cross) they demanded to take Jesus off the cross. They threatened to resign if this was not completed.

•vestment,(clothes). Believed clothes should be simple as fancy distracted people, (didn’t agree and refused to wear fancy clothes.)

How did Elizabeth solve the Puritan challenges?

•crucifix- backed down and removed Jesus as she did not have enough clergymen to take their place.

•vestments- 37 refused and lost their position where as many accepted to follow the rules.

Why did the catholic threat become significant to Elizabeths religious settlement?

The catholic threat became significant as it became international and other countries became involved (Rome-pope, Spain, France, Scotland)

What were the threats in England that came from the Catholic challenge?

• significant opposition to the settlement from earls and nobles in the north of England.

• Most Catholics were keen to replace Elizabeth with her catholic cousin Mary queen of Scots.

• wealthy catholic families challenged the settlement to regain their wealth.

What were the threats from abroad that came from the Catholic challenge?

• many Scottish lords supported Marys claim to the throne.

• Spanish took control of the Netherlands which meant they were close to England

• Pope encouraged and funded the invasion of England.

Why was Mary Queen of Scots a problem for Elizabeth?

• she had a legitimate claim to the throne.

• She had an heir

• She was married to

• Her child had a double claim to the throne

Who were the main earls/dukes of Northern England to participate in the revolt if the Northern Earls and why?

Earl of northumberland: was catholic but lost when Elizabeth took away his copper mines.

Earl of Westmorland: was catholic and lost his power at court.

Duke of Norfolk: protestant but with close ties to catholic families. Hated one of Elizabeths close friends who had more power than him.

Why were the factors to the revolt of the Northern earls?

• religious beliefs

• Political power

• Economic

• Succession issues

What were the main plots between 1570-1586?

The Ridolfi plot: 1571

The Throckmorton: 1583

The Babington plot: 1586

What caused the Ridolfi plot?

What was the plot?

Elizabeth made laws against Catholics stricter after the revolt of the Northern earls.

The plot was to murder Elizabeth and put Mary QOS on the throne.

What happened to the plotters of the Ridofli plot and how was the plot discovered?

William Cecil discovered the plot through letters.

Duke of Norfolk was executed for treason

What caused the Throckmorton plot?

What was the plan?

Laws against Catholics were made harsher, papal bull ordered to remove Elizabeth (excommunicated)

Plan was to kill Elizabeth and have the French duke free Mary QOS to make her queen.

What happened to the plotters of the Throckmorton plot and how was the plot discovered?

Plot was discovered when Francis Wallington found the letters and Throckmorton was murdered as a result whilst a further 11,000 catholics were imprisoned.

What caused the Babington plot?

What was the plan?

The babington plot was caused when laws against Catholics became even tougher and the papal bull.

The plan was to murder Elizabeth and have the French invade with 60,000 men.

What happened to the plotters of the Banbington plot and how was the plot discovered?

The plot was discovered by FrancisWarrington when he was looking at letters sent to Mary QOS

Babington was executed,

31 Catholic priests executed,

Mary QOS death warrant signed, executed in 1557

What were the problems when Elizabeth became Queen?

• Religious divisions

• Questions about her legitimacy

• Threats from foreign powers

• Financial difficulties

• She was a woman

• She had no heir to the throne

• She had no husband

• Needed to establish her authority.