A&P II Fluid & Electrolytes

what is an electrolyte?

a salt that dissolves in water to form charged ions

what are 4 important functions of water?

temperature regulation, chemical reactions, as a solvent, lubricant/protectant

how much of total body water is IN cells?

63%

what's thirst?

an awareness of the need for water created by the hypothalamus

what is the minimum amount of urine you have to make per day?

400 mL

what is the minimum amount of urine you have to make per day called?

obligate volume

what is the most common negative ion outside the cell?

chlorine

what will cause excess K+ to be retained?

excess of H+ in urine

how much water in the body is IN BETWEEN cells?

28%

when/why does the awareness of thirst come?

when you've lost about a half a liter of water or

hypothalamus checks sodium content of blood and finds sodium content too high... this triggers the hypothalamus to create the feeling of thirst

name 4 symptoms of dehydration

headache, fatigue/weakness, confusion, dry membranes

what is the term for under volume blood?

hypovolemic

name the two most common positive electrolytes which are found both inside and outside of cells?

Calcium and Magnesium

name the most common positive ion (electrolyte) inside the cell

potassium

how much body weight is water?

60%

what does the loss of up to 16lbs of water (so like 4-8 liters) result in?

loss of temperature control, loss of muscle control& cramps, very confused leading to coma which can lead to shock

what percentage of normal diet is water?

30%

name some inputs of water into the body

liquids, food, metabolic water (from the break-down of food molecules that release water)

name the most common positive ion (electrolyte) outside the cell

sodium

how much water in the body is in blood?

8-9%

how much water is normally lost by respiration?

500 mL of water per day

when do the symptoms of dehydration come about?

after the loss of about 2 liters of water

how much water is recommended to drink (per day)?

2,000-3,500 mL + what you need if it's extra hot, or you exercise, or your pregnant

name 4 common electrolytes that are positive

sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium

how much water is normally lost by evaporation?

500mL per day

name the 3 most common negative electrolytes IN the cells

PO4- SO4- CO4-

what will excess H+ in the urine cause?

excess K+ to be retained

what do kidneys do to fluid balance?

kidneys selectively secrete excess electrolytes to maintain correct ratio of water & electrolytes in intracellular fluid (63%), blood plasma (8-9%), & interstitial fluid (28%)

name some ways body water is lost

respiration, evaporation, fecal material, urination

name the most common negative electrolytes

chlorine, PO4-, SO4-, & CO4- aka phosphates, carbonates, and sulfates

what is pH maintained by?

selective secretion or retention of hydrogen ions