GEO - CHAPTER 5 - UNIT 1-5

Global Village

A world that is closely connected through transport + technology

Microprocessor

Stores and transmits huge amounts of information

Significance of the internet in connectivity?

Key for:

• Globalisation

• Trade & investment

• Cultural exchange

What were satellites used for

Originally used for military purposes
Transmits and relays information

What are the advances in air transport?

• High capacity + speed

• More affordable now

• Connects people to new places/systems

What are the advances in Land transport? (Railway/roads)

• Rail & roads save time

• Refrigerated transport keeps goods fresh

What are the advances in sea transport?

• Low cost + efficient cargo handling

• Containerisation = easier transport without reloading

What is the likely future of transport and travel betterment?

• Smarter transport systems:

  • Smart vehicles 🚗

  • Traffic monitoring 📡

  • Alternative fuels 🌱

• Better travel efficiency using:

  • Internet

  • Mobile tech

How were goods and services accessed in older times?

Locally bought

How are goods and services accessed in New times?

⚡ New Access

• Fast transport over long distances

• Online purchasing

What are High Order Goods?

• Expensive (e.g. cars, luxury items)

• Bought occasionally

• People travel further to get them

• Found in large cities

What are Low Order Goods?

🛒 Low-Order Goods

• Cheap + used often

• Available locally

• Found in:

  • Small towns

  • Villages

Define “Hinterland”

Areas consuming goods/services

What are the cons of online shopping for businesses and shops?

Causes closure of some local shops

What are the two primary resources that many people still lack globally?

Many people still lack:

• Internet

• Information access

 Cluster (Concentration)

Businesses group together in one area

✔ Features:

• Shared resources

• Close proximity

• Easy availability

What are the pros and cons of Cluster

➕ Pros:

• Face-to-face interaction

• Strong business relationships

• Lower costs

• Close to customers

• More choices

➖ Cons:

• Overcrowding

Dispersal (Globalisation)

Businesses spread across different regions

✔ Features:

• Trade across regions

• Specialisation (each place does what it's best at)

• Balanced development

What are the pros and cons of dispersal

➕ Pros:

• Cost advantages

• Suitable environments

• Government support

• Global knowledge access

➖ Cons:

• Distance

• Isolation

Importance of motorways in PAKISTAN

🚗 Motorways

• Well-maintained

• Safer

• Linked with CPEC

Important highways in PAKISTAN

Grand Trunk Road

Indus Highway

Makran Coastal Highway

Important International Trade Routes in PAKISTAN

🚧 Chaman Border

🛤 Silk Route

🚩 Wagah Border

What does the Chaman Border connect?

Connects Balochistan with Afghanistan

What does the silk route connect and what project is it a part of?

• Connects China (Kashgar) → Pakistan (Islamabad)

• Part of CPEC

What is the historical significance of Wagah Border

Important for trade in South & Central Asia (SUBCONTINENT TRADE)

The net worth of CPEC is ____

46 billion

What does CPEC feature

• Railways

• Pipelines

• Oil & gas transport

Benefits of CPEC

Benefits:

• Economic growth

• Social development of CPEC

What are the top 3 ports of PAKISTAN

• Port Qasim (Located around Arabian Sea)

• Karachi Port

• Gwadar Port (major future trade hub)

Which cities of Pakistan are Major airports

• Karachi

• Islamabad

• Lahore

What are the weaknesses in the Pakistani transport system and how to handle them? (regarding public transport)

❌ Weaknesses

• Limited budget

• Public transport not widely preferred

💡 Solutions:

• Car parks near stations

• Government-run buses

• Traffic awareness

Strengths of Pakistani Transport

✅ Strengths

• Access to land, air, sea routes

• Modern roads reduce travel time