vectors

vectors

used to transfer the desired genes into a foreign cell

plasmids

small, circular rings of double stranded DNA..found in bacteria, archea and eukaryotic yeast and fungi

repication

plasmids have the ability to self replicate

inserting desired gene

plasmid is cut open and restriction endonuclease that was used to isolate gene forms complementary sticky ends to the desired gene fragment

DNA ligase

forms phosphodiester bonds between the sugarphosphate backbone of the DNA fragment and the plasmid

recombinant plasmid

closed circle of double stranded DNA containing the desired gene

benefits of plasmids

have one or more marker genes allowing for recombinant plasmids to be identified

transformation

process of transferring plasmids into host cells

transformation bathing

bath the plasmids and bacteria in an ince-cold calcium chloride solution and then briefly incubate at degrees celsius…makes the membrane permeable

electroporation

bacteria is given a small electric shock making the membranes very porous…used to get DNA fragments into eukaryotic cells