INNATE_IMMUNITY

Innate Immunity

A form of non-specific immunity that is inherited and ready to respond upon first signs of infection.

Adaptive Immunity

A specific immune response that is tailored to particular pathogens and develops immunologic memory.

Non-specific Immunity

The innate immune system's response which is not dependent on the type of antigen.

Antigen-specific

Referring to the adaptive immune system which has a tailored response for specific pathogens.

Anatomical Barriers

Physical defenses such as skin and mucous membranes that block pathogen entry.

Skin

An anatomical barrier composed of multiple layers of cells that protect against pathogens.

Mucous Membranes

Lining of body cavities that produce mucus to trap and eliminate pathogens.

Ciliary Action

The movement of cilia in the respiratory tract that helps expel trapped microbes.

Complement System

A major humoral non-specific defense mechanism that enhances the immune response.

Phagocytosis

The process by which certain cells engulf and digest pathogens.

Coagulation System

A system activated after tissue injury that can contribute to non-specific immune defense.

Interferons (INF)

Proteins that limit viral replication and enhance cellular defense against viruses.

Lysozyme

An enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls and is found in various body secretions.

Defensins

Low molecular weight proteins with antimicrobial activity found in the lungs and gastrointestinal tract.

Hydrogen Peroxide

A toxic substance produced by macrophages that is harmful to bacteria and pathogens.

Acute Phase Proteins

Substances that enhance phagocytosis by coating target pathogens.

Opsonization

The process by which pathogens are marked for ingestion and destruction by phagocytes.

Transferrin

An iron-binding protein in serum that limits bacterial growth by sequestering iron.

Lactoferrin

An iron-binding protein found in various body fluids that inhibits bacterial growth.

pH of Sweat

The low pH of sweat contributes to the prevention of bacterial growth.

Sneezing/Coughing

Natural reflexes that help expel microbes from the respiratory system.

Tears

Fluid that continuously removes microbes from the eyes.

Acidic Vaginal Secretions

Secretions that prevent microbial colonization in the vaginal environment.