AP Art History Chapter 29 KW

1. Abstraction in Photography

Edward Weston

2. Abstraction

the simplifying of an observed reality so that the essence of an object is portrayed

3. Analytic Cubism (Facet Cubism)

the breaking up of the object into planes which are small, precise angles like prisms.(Demoiselles d’Avignon, the Portuguese)

4. Anti-Semitism

hatred and elimination of the Jewish race, which led to the Holocaust killing 2 out 3 European Jews

5. Armory Show 1913

exposed American public to 1600 art works of contemporary European and American artists. It was a significant catalyst in the disseminating knowledge of recent developments in art.

6. Art Deco

in response to popular need for ornamentation rejected by the International Style, it produced streamlined, elongated symmetrical design, which could be commercially produced.

7. Assemblage

Using 3-D items to create a 3-D work of art (sculpture) of combined “found” objects

8. Automatism

a form of Surrealism based on a dictation of thought without control of the mind

9. Bauhaus Walter Gropius

the goal was to train artists; architects and designers to accept and anticipate 20th Century needs and promote a unity of art, architecture and design. He also hoped for a marriage between art and industry.(Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Josef Albers, Marcel Breuer, Mies Van Der Rohe

10. Biomorphic

a form of Surrealism based on organisms and natural forms (Jean Arp, Jean Miro)

11. Syntheic Cubism

overlapping layers in which bits of flat objects like newspapers, cloth etc. are added to the picture so all the shapes seem to oscillate, pushing forward and dropping back into space like a collage.(Still Life with Chair-caning, Fruit Dish and Cards)

12. Constructivism

named by Naum Gabo, a Russian sculptor because he built his sculptures piece by piece in space instead of carving or modeling them. He used new synthetic materials including celluloid, nylon and Lucite, which made parts of them transparent.

13. Cubism

the fragmentation of the form of depicted objects and the depiction of several views of the object simultaneously(Picasso and Braque)

14. Dada

a nonsense word, which was used by a group, based on deliberate irrationality and the negation of traditional artistic values. Despair following WWI led this group to develop nihilism and iconoclasm. Contra diction, paradox and irony were the bequest of Dada(Jean Arp, chance painting , Marcel Duchamp, ready-mades)

15. De Stijl

was founded by Piet Mondrian and some other young artists in Holland, which promoted utopian ideals and believed in the birth of a new age following WWI. Their goal was the integration of art and life. He turned to the concept “pure plastic art”, which he believed expressed universal reality.

16. Degenerate Art

the label Nazis placed on the avant-garde art. Hitler persecuted many artist confiscated and placed them in a Degenerate Art Show and subjected them to ridicule.

17. Der Blaue Reiter

Blue Rider a German group who believed in charging form and color with a purely spiritual meaning eliminating all resemblance to the physical world (Wassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc)

18. Die Brucke

The Bridge a group of German artists who followed the inspiration of the Fauves. They lived together and practiced art.(Kirchner, Nolde, Kokoschka and Kollwitz)

19. Expressionism

refers to art that is a result of the artist’s inner or personal vision and flows from feeling.

20. Fauvism

means wild beast. Because of the wild color, powerful, brutal brushwork, the term was derogatory(Henri Matisse, Andre Derain)

21. Frottage

the technique of creating a design by rubbing (as with a pencil) over an object placed underneath the paper

22. Futurism

an Italian movement begun shortly before and during WWI. It depicted dynamic movement and stressed the violence and speed of the Machine Age. They advocated revolution and glorified war.(Balla, Severini, Boccioni)

23. Harlem Renaissance

a flowering of art and literature in Harlem in the 1920’s. It fostered African American culture

24. Kinetic Sculpture

moving sculpture (mobiles-Alexander Calder)

25. MoMA

Museum of Modern Art encourages the public to make modernist art a regular part of their lives.

26. New Objectivity

(Neue Sachlichkeit) grew out of the war experiences of a group of German artists(George Grosz, Max Beckman, Otto Dix, Kathe Kollwitz, Wilhelm Lehmbruck, Ernst Barlach)

27. Nihilism

the viewpoint that traditional values and beliefs are senseless and useless. The Conditions in social organizations are so as to make destruction destructive for its own sake independent of any constructive program.

28. Organic Architecture

Frank Lloyd Wright envisioned a nonsymmetrical design interacting spatially with its environment( Robie House, Kaufman House(Falling Water)

29. Organic Sculpture

work composed of softly curving surfaces and ovoid forms (Constantin Brancusi, Barbara Hepworth, and Henry Moore.

30. Photomontage

the technique of creating a composition by pasting together images to create one image

31. Planar

two dimensional quality

32. Precisionism

developed in America in the 1920’s out of a fascination with the machine’s precision and importance in modern life.(Charles Sheeler, Charles Demuth, Georgia O’Keefe)

33. Primitivism

tribal objects and artifacts which came from non-Western areas which became available to Europeans as a result of colonialism

34. Purism

machinery’s clean functional lines and the pure form of its parts should direct the artist’s experiments in design(Le Corbusier) The City

35. Regionalism

American Scene Painters paid attention to rural life as America’s cultural backbone(Grant Wood, Thomas Hart Benton, )

36. Russian Revolution

the Tsar was overthrown after civil war and Communism ruled Russia.

37. Suprematism

the supreme reality in the world is pure feeling, which attaches to no object. This called for non-objective forms in art. Malevich believed that people could easily understand his art because of the universality of the symbols

38. Surrealism

used fantasy to produce incongruous imagery by engaging the unconscious forces of the human mind.(Giorgio deChirico, Max Ernst, Salvador Dali, Rene Magritte, Meret Oppenheim, Frida Kahlo, Paul )

39. The Great War

-WWI 1914-1918 involved all of Europe and perpetrated enormous slaughter and devastation. It brought widespread misery, social disruption and economic collapse.

40. The International Style

architect Le Corbusier applied himself to designing a functional living space, which he described as a “machine for living”

41. Totalitarianism

Fascist governments in Germany and Italy led by Hitler and Mussolini set up totalitarian regimes.

42. WPA

paid artists, writers and theater people a regular wage in exchange for work in their professions during the Depression(Dorothea Lange, Edward Hopper)