Bio 117 Final Exam Outline

This set of flashcards covers the key topics and concepts outlined in the lecture notes for Bio 117, preparing students for their final exam.

What are the three major locations of lymph nodes?

Cervical nodes, Axillary nodes, Popliteal nodes.

What does the right lymphatic duct drain?

The right upper quarter of the body including the right side of the head, arm, and chest.

What is the primary function of a synapse?

It's where two neurons meet to share information.

What do sensory neurons do?

They are afferent and carry signals toward the CNS.

What do motor neurons do?

They are efferent and carry signals away from the CNS to cause an action.

What are the components of a neuron?

Dendrites, cell body, axon, myelin sheath.

What are astrocytes?

CNS glial cells that anchor neurons and form the blood-brain barrier.

What is the conus medullaris?

The tapered, cone-shaped terminal end of the spinal cord.

What are the three layers of the meninges?

Dura mater, Arachnoid mater, Pia mater.

What is the difference between afferent and efferent signals?

Afferent carries signals toward the CNS (Arrives), while efferent carries signals away from the CNS (Exists).

What are the five functions of the brain stem?

Manages basic autonomic reflexes including swallowing, heart rate, breathing, and salivation.

What are the functions of the cerebellum?

Fine motor skills, coordination, and balance.

What is the function of the olfactory nerve (CN I)?

Sensory - responsible for the sense of smell.

What role does the diaphragm play during inhalation?

It contracts, moves downward, increases the volume of the chest, and drops pressure.

What are the primary functions of the large intestine?

Absorption of water and salts, and waste elimination.

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Bile storage, concentration, and release.

What processes are involved in urine formation?

Filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

What is the function of the corpus luteum?

Secretes progesterone to maintain the uterus during potential pregnancy.

What are the three regions of the uterine tube?

Fimbriae, Infundibulum, Ampulla.

What is the purpose of the clitoris?

It is composed of erectile tissue and is the female counterpart to the penis.

What are the three major stages of the uterine wall?

Perimetrium, Myometrium, Endometrium.

What is the primary component of urine?

Water.