ATI Engage Adult Medical-Surgical: Cancer Practice Flashcards

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers General Oncology concepts, complications, specific cancer types (Breast, Lung, Prostate, Colorectal, Pancreatic, Skin, CNS), and nursing-related diagnostic/procedural terms mentioned in the ATI Engage lecture.

Metastasis

The development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from a primary site of cancer.

Hyperplasia

An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue that appear normal under a microscope.

Dysplasia

The presence of cells of an abnormal type within a tissue, which may signify a stage preceding the development of cancer.

Carcinoma in situ

A group of abnormal cells that are found only in the place where they first formed; also referred to as stage $0$ cancer.

Angiogenesis

The physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels, often utilized by tumors to grow.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death; malignant cells are characterized by having no apoptosis.

TNM Staging System

A cancer staging system where T stands for tumor, N stands for node, and M stands for metastasis.

Tumor Markers

Substances found in the blood, urine, or body tissues that can be elevated in cancer, used as lab and diagnostic studies.

When treating a patient with malignant neoplasm of the right breast, where should you locate the implantable port for chemotherapy?

The opposite side (contralateral) of the primary side of cancer

TNM

Tumor node metastasis

T0 N1 MX

primary tumor cannot be located. There is at least one lymph node with cancer and metastasis cannot be determined.

fecal cold blood test determines

If colorectal cancer may be present, so not after diagnosis has been made

Carcinoembryonic antigen test should be used

As follow up Care for colorectal cancer patients

squamous cell carcinoma of the lung means

The cancer, most likely originated in one of the large central airways ( epithelial tissue in the central airways)

melanoma is the more likely to metastasize to other areas

True

what is the less frequently occurring skin cancer?

Melanoma

what can increase risk of CNS tumors

Vinylchloride exposure

stage zero colorectal cancer affects what layers of the G.I. track

The mucosa, a.k.a. the innermost layer of the G.I. track lining

Crohn’s disease increases the risk of what

Colorectal cancer

if an area has a cluster of cells on a PET scan. What does that mean?

Potential cancer at that area

most common breast cancer

Ductal

fatigue loss of coordination, bladder, control issues and numbness in the arms are manifestations of

spinal cord cancer

what stage indicates cancer cells are present and multiple locations and is considered incurable

Stage four IV

stage three cancer diagnosis means

Cancer has spread beyond primary site and will be difficult to treat

who has a high risk for developing squamous cell carcinoma

Client with history of actinic keratosis

what should a nurse report to a provider for a client undergoing radiation therapy for lung cancer

Chest pain

low-dose computed tomography test should be performed

For lung cancer clients

Lymphedema

A physiological impact of cancer or its treatment characterized by swelling, commonly seen in the arms or legs after lymph node removal.

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

An oncologic complication resulting from the compression or obstruction of the superior vena cava.

Tumor Lysis Syndrome

An oncologic complication that occurs when a large number of cancer cells are killed rapidly by treatment, releasing their contents into the bloodstream.

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

An oncologic complication where the body makes too much antidiuretic hormone, causing water retention and low sodium levels.

Extravasation

The leakage of intravenously infused medications, such as chemotherapy, into the extravascular tissue around the site of infusion.

Invasive vs. Noninvasive Breast Cancer

Categories of breast cancer indicating whether the cancer has spread from the original tissue (invasive) or remains in the site of origin (noninvasive).

Mammogram

A diagnostic and screening tool for breast cancer involving X-ray imaging of the breast.

Radon Gas

An environmental risk factor for lung cancer involving exposure to a naturally occurring radioactive gas.

Sputum Cytology

A diagnostic tool for lung cancer that examines a sample of mucus coughed up from the lungs under a microscope.

Adenocarcinomas

A type of cancer that starts in mucus-producing glandular cells, common in prostate and colorectal cancers.

Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)

A diagnostic tool for prostate cancer where a provider inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel the prostate for abnormalities.

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)

A protein produced by the prostate gland; elevated levels in the blood can be a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer.

Fecal Occult Testing

A diagnostic test for colorectal cancer used to check for hidden (occult) blood in the stool.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)

A tumor marker often measured in the blood to monitor or diagnose colorectal cancer.

Jaundice

A clinical manifestation of pancreatic cancer characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes.

Cholangiopancreatography

A specialized imaging procedure used to examine the bile ducts and pancreatic duct.

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A common type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells of the epidermis.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A type of skin cancer that originates in the squamous cells of the epidermis.

Melanoma

The most serious type of skin cancer, developing in the melanocytes (pigment-producing cells).

Photodynamic Therapy

A treatment for skin cancer that uses a drug (photosensitizing agent) and a particular type of light.

Astrocytoma

A type of brain and CNS tumor that develops from star-shaped glial cells called astrocytes.

Glioblastoma

A fast-growing and aggressive type of CNS tumor mentioned within the types of brain tumors.

Implanted Port

A venous access device consisting of a chamber and silicone top implanted beneath the skin, connected to a catheter for medication administration.

Stoma

An artificial opening made in the abdomen during an ostomy procedure to allow waste to exit the body into a bag.