Juvenile Dellinquency Final Review

Balanced and Restorative Justice (BARJ)

The approach holds that justice is best served when the community, the victim, and the offender ( child who commits an offense) all receive balanced attention in the outcome of a juvenile case.

Shame

The feeling we get when we do not meet the standards we have set for ourselves or that significant others have set for us.

Reintragrative Shaming

Techniques used to allow offenders to understand and recognize their wrongdoing and shame themselves. Shaming must be brief and controlled, followed by ceremonies of forgivness, apology, and repentance to be reintragrative.

Sentencing circles

A peacemaking technique in which offenders, victims, and other community members are brought together in an effort to formulate a Sanction that addresses the needs of all.

Nuclear Families

A family unit composed of parents and their children; this smaller family stucture is subject to great stress due to the intense, close contact between parents and children

Blended Families

Nuclear Families that are the product of divorce and remarriage, blending one parent from each of two families and their combined children into one family unit

Family social Capital

Relationships composed of bonds between parents and children, which include the time and attention patents spend communicating and interacting with children, investment in their activities, and promotion of their well-being.

Parental Efficacy

Families in which parents integrate their children into the household unit while helping them asset their individuality and regulate their own behavior.

Intrafamily violence

an environment of discord and conflict within the family; children who grow up in dysfunctional homes often exhibit delinqeunt behavior, having learned at a young age that aggession pays off.

Resource Dilution

A condition that occurs when parents have such large families that their resources, such as time and money, are spread too thin, causing a lack of familial support and control

Child Abuse

any physical, emotional, or sexual trauma to a child, including neglecting to give proper care and attention, for which no reasonable explanation can be found.

Neglect

Passive neglect by a parent or guardian, depriving children of food, shelter, healthcare, and love.

Abandoment

Parents physically leave their children with the intention of completely severing the parent-child relationship

Fragile Families

Unmarried couples with children, which has increased dramatically due to the rise in nonmarital childbearing, can be beneficial or detrimental to child development depending on the nature of the parental relationship

Cliques

small groups of friends who shaew intimate knowledge and confidences.

Crowds

Loosely organized groups who share interests and activities

Crowds

loosely organized groups who share interest and activities

Gang

A group of youths who collectively engage in deliquent behaviors

Transitional Neighborhood

Areas within the city that are undergoing stress and change rendering them incapable of protecting residents or maintainting informal social control

Disorganized Neighborhood

Areas experiencing social disorganization characterized by residents experiencing long-term poverty, deteriorated and dilapidated buildings and structures, and poulation instability. Inner-city disorganized neighborhoodshave the heaviest concentration of crime.

Barrio

The spanish-speaking quarter of a town or city, especially one with a high poverty level

Graffiti

Inscriptions or drawings made on a wall or structure and used by delinquents for gang messages and turn definition

Posting

A system of postions, facial expressions, and body language used by gang members to convey a message

Representing

Tossing of flashing gang signs in the prescence of rivals, often escalating into a verbal or physical confrontation.

Prestige Crimes

Stealing or assaulting someone to gain prestige in the neighborhood; often part of gang initiation rites.L

Loco Parentis

Latin for “in place of the parents” or used to signify that parents have given a person or institution the rights to act in place of a parent, such as a school having the right to discipline a student.

Truant

being out of school without permission

Dropping out

Leaving school before completing the required program of education.

Dropout factories

High schools in which the number of senior is 60% (or less) of the number of ninth graders.

Status dropout rate

The percentage of an age group that is not enrolled in school and has not earned a high school diploma or equivalent

Tracking

Dividing students into groups according to their ability and achievement levels.

Bullying

Repeated, negative acts committed by one or more children against another; the acts may be physical or verbal

Zero-tolerance policy

Mandating that action be taken for the slightest infraction of a school or criminal code violation q

New Jersey v. T.L.O

The Fourth amendment controls on search and seizure and apply to school officials as well as police.

Safford Unified School District V. Redding

School searches must be reasonable and, considering the circumstances of the case, not overly intrusive

J.B.D v. North Carolina

A suspect’s age must be considered in determining whether a confession was freely given and whether they believed they were in custody.

Allegation

A document created by police filed with JPO or DA’s Office Alleging a juvenile committed specified crimes (criminal complaint)

Petition

A document filed by JPO or the DA’s office that offifically brings the charges before the court ( criminal information)

adjudication

determination that the juvenile committed a crime and needs court intervention; brings the juvenile formally within the juvenile Justice system (conviction)

Dispostion

Consequences for being adjudicated deliquent that provide consequences while providing treatment, supervision, and or rehabilatation ( sentencing)

Detention

confines in a secure facility ( detention center) used to hold a juvenile until the next ereview by the court; detention can be used pre-adjudication and or post-adjucation.

Placement out of home

placement at a facility, rangingig from foster care homes to high security lockups specifically created to provide treatment, schooling, and rehabilation to juvenile offenders.

JPO

Juvenile Probation office