16 c N. Europe/Spain High Renaissance/Mannerism

Northern Europe High Renaissance/Mannerism significance

Shift from religious icons to landscape and genre painting due to Reformation iconoclasm

Northern Europe High Renaissance/Mannerism beliefs

Northern humanism, classical with Christian piety, art as a moralizing critique

Northern Europe High Renaissance/Mannerism context

nation-states commercial success leading to wealthy merchant class

16th-Century Spain & France significance

Mannerist artifice/Italian classicism to project royal majesty, Counter-Reformation

16th-Century Spain & France significance Beliefs

Catholic piety and the glorification of the monarch

16th-Century Spain & France significance Context

global expansion, Philip II (Spain) and Francis I (France)

artist/title

hieronymous bosch, garden of earthly delights

significance

triptych synthesizing surreal fantasy and symbolism to explore damnation following earthly sin

artist/title

Grunewald, Isenheim Altarpiece

significance

gruesome realism and intense emotionalism to help hospital patients empathize with Christ’s suffering

artist/title

Albrecht Durer, Self-Portrait

significance

artist as a Christ-like creator, elevating status of artist

artist/title

Albrecht Durer, Fall of Man (Adam and Eve)

significance

Northern landscape with Italian proportion to present ideal human form

artist/title

Albrecht Durer, Four Apostles

significance

Lutheran artwork, monumental form for written word of Bible

artist/title

Albrecht Altdorfer, Battle of Issus

significance

vast cosmic landscape suggesting political events have divine significance

arist/title

Pieter Brugel the Elder, Hunters in Snow

significance

genre painting, man vs harsh nature

artist/title

El Greco, Burial of Count Orgearaz

significance

earthly through divine w/ mannerist distortion and catholic fervor (counter reformation)