ap bio ch 33, 34, 40

suspension feeders

sifting small food particles from the water

substrate feeders

live in or on their food

fluid feeders

suck fluids

bulk feeders

large pieces of food

excess calories are stored in the ________ in the form of ________

liver and muscles; glycogen

further excess calories are stored in the ________ in the form of ________

adipose tissue; fat

need __ AA’s; we can only synthesize __

20; 12

water soluble vitamins

B and /c

fat soluble vitamins

A, D, E, K

4 stages of food processing

1. ingestion

2. digestion (enzymatic hydrolysis of macromolecules to form monomers)

3. absorption

4. elimination

alimentary canal

digestive tube running between two openings

fat digestion

only in small intestine

adipose tissue

stores lipids

fibrous tissue

tendons and ligaments

signaling by hormones

travel everywhere via bloodstream

signaling by neurons

travel specific places

smooth muscle

found in internal organs

ecto vs endo therm

ectotherm: environmental sources regulate body

endotherm: regulate own body

_____ can go across membrane; ______ cannot

lipids can go across membrane; amino acids cannot

vasodilation

widening of blood vessels

vasoconstriction

narrowing of blood vessels

master gland

hypothalmus

hypothalmus is always above _____ and _____ is farther back

pituitary; pineal

T3 and T4

thyroid hormones with iodine

adrenal glands secrete

epinephrine

oxytocin

stimulates contraction of uterus and milk release

ADH

increases permeability of distal tubules and collecting ducts to water, increasing water reabsorption

saltwater fish

must excrete ions

freshwater fish

must uptake ions through gills