Ch 41 EMT: EMS Response to Terrorism

Without the proper​ shielding, an individual who tries to construct a nuclear device​ would:

A. be attacked by the U.S. military.

B. be detected by​ intelligence-gathering agencies.

C. be successful.

D. be exposed to unsurvivable levels of radiation.

D. be exposed to unsurvivable levels of radiation.

Which body system is LEAST likely to be affected by radiologic​ material?

A. Blood-forming system

B. Gastrointestinal system

C. Urinary system

D. Central nervous system

C. Urinary system

For an ingested weapon to be​ effective, it​ would:

A. have to have a very high pH level.

B. have to survive in an acidic environment.

C. require a very alkaline environment.

D. need to deliver a lethal dose within 2 hours.

B. have to survive in an acidic environment.

What role does time play in reducing exposure to harm from a terrorist​ incident?

A. Arriving as early as possible

B. Leaving as late as possible

C. Prioritizing time spent on patients

D. Reducing time on scene

D. Reducing time on scene

Proper shielding for a chemical incident​ includes:

A. a HEPA mask.

B. a​ self-contained breathing apparatus.

C. ​fire-protection clothing.

D. a​ lead-lined structure.

B. a​ self-contained breathing apparatus.

CBRNE agents​ include:

A. condemned agents.

B. clandestine agents.

C. commercial agents.

D. chemical agents.

D. chemical agents.

Victims at an unexplained​ mass-casualty incident report seeing an odd mist coming from the​ building's ventilation system. You should​ suspect:

A. an explosive incident.

B. a radiological incident.

C. a chemical incident.

D. a nuclear incident.

C. a chemical incident.

A zoonotic​ disease:

A. affects animals only.

B. affects humans only.

C. can cross from animals to humans.

D. can only be spread through close contact.

C. can cross from animals to humans.

Biological doses are measured​ in:

A. pounds per square inch.

B. parts per million.

C. milligrams per kilogram of body weight.

D. fractions of micrograms per kilogram of body weight.

D. fractions of micrograms per kilogram of body weight.

Which of the following is a symbolic​ target?

A. School

B. Park

C. U.S. Capitol

D. Power plant

C. U.S. Capitol

Which of the following is NOT an OTTO​ sign?

A. Operational use

B. Type of event

C. Occupancy or location

D. Timing of the event

A. Operational use

Hand signals or preprinted index cards may be effective means of communicating with patients with what type of injury from a​ blast?

A. Abdominal

B. Lung

C. Ear

D. Brain

C. Ear

You are anticipating the potential damage from a radiological attack. What penetrating power do alpha particles​ have?

A. Alpha particles can penetrate the skin.

B. Alpha particles can penetrate lead.

C. Alpha particles have little penetrating ability.

D. Alpha particles can penetrate multiple layers of clothing.

C. Alpha particles have little penetrating ability.

Another name for CBRNE agents​ is:

A. contaminants.

B. tactics.

C. weapons of mass destruction.

D. secondary devices.

C. weapons of mass destruction.

Which of the following is a common physiological reaction to a nerve​ agent?

A. Excessive salivation

B. Tachycardia

C. Hypertension

D. Pupillary dilation

A. Excessive salivation

Which​ multiple-casualty incident should most raise your suspicion of​ terrorism?

A. Vehicle collision

B. Forest fire

C. Earthquake

D. Shooting incident

D. Shooting incident

Which of the following statements is true of​ self-protection at a radiological​ event?

A. Longer exposure increases the​ body's defense mechanisms.

B. Injury from radiation is​ immediate, and duration is not a factor.

C. Minimizing time in the affected area will reduce the potential for injury.

D. Every person reacts differently to​ radiation, and duration of exposure is not a factor.

C. Minimizing time in the affected area will reduce the potential for injury.

Dissemination of a weapon of mass destruction is particularly important to consider for all of the following CBRNE materials except which​ one?

A. Biological

B. Chemical

C. ​Radiological/nuclear

D. Explosive

D. Explosive

Who is responsible for perimeter control at a terrorism​ incident?

A. Law enforcement personnel

B. FEMA personnel

C. Fire department personnel

D. EMS personnel

A. Law enforcement personnel

Which agents cause chemical changes in the cells of exposed tissues almost immediately upon​ contact?

A. Riot control

B. Nerve

C. Vesicating

D. Choking

C. Vesicating

Why would a chemical incident create thermal​ harm?

A. A chemical reaction produces a corrosive effect.

B. A chemical reaction weakens the elements of a structure.

C. A chemical reaction produces heat.

D. A chemical reaction depletes oxygen.

C. A chemical reaction produces heat.

Blast lung is a consequence​ of:

A. blunt trauma.

B. penetrating shrapnel injuries.

C. a​ high-energy overpressurization wave.

D. thermal burns.

C. a​ high-energy overpressurization wave.

A CBRNE agent might be involved in which of the following​ incidents?

A. A building receives structural damage during a storm.

B. A roadway becomes pitted and cracked from weather.

C. An old and weakened building collapses.

D. A parked vehicle explodes.

D. A parked vehicle explodes.

The purpose of establishing an outer perimeter at an incident is​ to:

A. restrict all public access to the incident.

B. establish a location for incident command.

C. establish a hot zone to isolate hazards.

D. protect EMS responders from hazards.

A. restrict all public access to the incident.

Why do emergency response planners prefer the term​ "multiple devices" to​ "secondary devices"?

A. Terrorists use many different types of​ devices, not just two.

B. Terrorist incidents always involve more than two devices.

C. There are five CBRNE​ agents, not just two.

D. Thinking in terms of multiple devices promotes danger awareness.

D. Thinking in terms of multiple devices promotes danger awareness.

Who is a secondary device intended to​ target?

A. First responders

B. Personnel in infrastructure roles

C. Politicians

D. Random passersby

A. First responders

Which of the following is most important at a terrorism​ incident?

A. Incident stabilization

B. Organizational functional continuity

C. Protection of property

D. Life safety

D. Life safety

Specific operational actions to accomplish assigned tasks​ are:

A. strategies.

B. tactics.

C. devices.

D. exposures.

B. tactics.

Emergency responders respond to a bomb attack and begin​ rescuing, assessing, and treating the wounded. Responders should be on the alert​ for:

A. clues to what organization mounted the attack.

B. signs that clearly indicate a political motive.

C. other explosive devices.

D. ​suspicious-looking people.

C. other explosive devices.

You are told that a number of victims at a terrorism event have suffered severe physical​ trauma, including soft tissue and musculoskeletal injuries. In addition to this mechanical​ harm, you also​ suspect:

A. radiological harm.

B. etiological harm.

C. chemical harm.

D. psychological harm.

D. psychological harm.

The relative ease with which the microorganisms involved in a biological agent establish themselves in a host species is that​ agent's:

A. incubation period.

B. virulence.

C. infectivity.

D. toxicity.

C. infectivity.

Which of the following types of terrorist targets should be anticipated in planning for​ weapons-of-mass-destruction incidents?

A. Individual homes

B. Rural areas

C. Schools

D. Personal vehicles

C. Schools

Which of the following should be done first if you are the​ first-arriving unit to a suspected​ weapons-of-mass-destruction incident?

A. Evaluating the incident area

B. Decontaminating patients

C. Triaging all patients

D. Determining the exact agent or device involved

A. Evaluating the incident area

What is a mechanism of injury for a blast other than the blast​ wave?

A. Penetrating trauma

B. Lacerating trauma

C. A​ low-energy blast wind

D. Burns

C. A​ low-energy blast wind

What is the best method of determining whether your​ self-protection measures against radiation are appropriate and​ effective?

A. Palpating for signs of radiation

B. Use of radiological detection equipment

C. Listening for signs of radiation

D. Looking for signs of radiation

B. Use of radiological detection equipment

A nuclear device has exploded in the center of a city. You would LEAST expect which type of harm in the immediate aftermath of this​ event?

A. Etiological

B. Mechanical

C. Radiological

D. Thermal

A. Etiological

Executing rapid entries into a danger zone to perform rescues is an example​ of:

A. maximizing distance from the hazard area.

B. identifying the scope of a hazard.

C. using appropriate shielding.

D. limiting time of exposure.

D. limiting time of exposure.

Your​ municipality's water supply has been contaminated by a possible terrorist attack. This poses a possible health danger​ through:

A. absorption.

B. ingestion.

C. inhalation.

D. oxidation.

B. ingestion.

Signs of blast lung usually​ present:

A. hours after the blast.

B. days after the blast.

C. at the time of secondary assessment or triage.

D. at the time of primary assessment or triage.

D. at the time of primary assessment or triage.

A secondary device​ targets:

A. the military.

B. responders.

C. communications structures.

D. politicians.

B. responders.

Which classification of chemical agent is a cellular​ asphyxiant?

A. Vesicating agents

B. Nerve agents

C. ​Riot-control agents

D. Cyanides

D. Cyanides

Many radiological substances are​ also:

A. thermal hazards.

B. psychological hazards.

C. mechanical hazards.

D. chemical hazards.

D. chemical hazards.

The more volatile a chemical agent​ is, the greater​ the:

A. explosive potential.

B. time it will remain on a surface area.

C. airborne concentration that will be released.

D. thermal and mechanical harm.

C. airborne concentration that will be released.

Broad general plans designed to achieve desired outcomes​ are:

A. strategies.

B. tactics.

C. objectives.

D. targets.

A. strategies.

Radioactive material exposure relates most strongly to which letter of​ CBRNE?

A. E

B. R

C. C

D. B

B. R

Which of the following types of weapons of mass destruction is most likely to involve the threat of​ infection?

A. Biological

B. Radiological

C. Chemical

D. Nuclear

A. Biological

A powerful deterrent for using a military nuclear device​ is:

A. security at nuclear facilities.

B. the difficulty constructing the device.

C. retaliation by the United States.

D. the potential exposure of the person constructing the device to lethal doses of radiation.

C. retaliation by the United States.

The most effective way to disseminate most CBRNE materials is​ through:

A. inhalation.

B. ingestion.

C. injection.

D. absorption.

A. inhalation.

An event involving which of the following would create a high index of suspicion for a terrorist​ incident?

A. Property damage

B. Psychological effects

C. Explosives

D. Casualties

C. Explosives

Which toxin has the additional concern of being spread from human to​ human, unlike most​ toxins?

A. Botulinum

B. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B

C. Trichothecene mycotoxins

D. Ricin

C. Trichothecene mycotoxins

The Emergency Response Guidebook can best help you​ determine:

A. how to neutralize radiological threats.

B. how to avoid contact with hazardous material.

C. how to identify terrorists.

D. how to survive following a nuclear blast.

B. how to avoid contact with hazardous material.

If a terrorist wanted to sabotage a nuclear​ facility, they would most likely target a facility at​ a:

A. nuclear power plant.

B. military base.

C. university.

D. hospital.

C. university.

The formula dose multiplied by time represents which of the​ following?

A. Concentration

B. Lethal dose

C. Exposure

D. Critical level

C. Exposure

Which of the following chemical agents prohibits the use of oxygen in the​ cells?

A. Cyanide

B. Nerve agents

C. Blister agents

D. All of the above

A. Cyanide

Which body system is most likely to be affected by exposure to radiologic​ material?

A. Central nervous system

B. Integumentary system

C. Respiratory system

D. Urinary system

A. Central nervous system

You are responding to a suspected terrorist​ incident, and first reports indicate this is a biologic incident. Which PPE will you​ need?

A. Self-contained breathing apparatus

B. Lead shielding

C. HEPA mask

D. ​Fire-protection clothing

C. HEPA mask

Which of the following may be a clue that an incident is the result of terrorist​ violence?

A. Number of people present

B. Function of the target

C. Occurrence on the anniversary of a significant or symbolic historical event

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following types of radiation emits the most powerful​ rays?

A. Gamma

B. Delta

C. Beta

D. Alpha

A. Gamma

Which of the following animals is the direct source of exposure to the bacterium that causes the plague in​ humans?

A. Fleas

B. Squirrels

C. Rats

D. Bees

A. Fleas

Terrorist incidents typically involve all of the following agents except​:

A. nuclear agents.

B. explosives.

C. biologic agents.

D. allergens.

D. allergens.

You are on an ambulance responding to a​ mass-casualty incident at a shopping mall on a warm Saturday afternoon. En​ route, you listen to the incident commander broadcast information to dispatch and all inbound units about 20 patients complaining of respiratory difficulty and a burning sensation in their eyes. Your suspicions of a potential terrorist incident are the result​ of:

A. the type of event.

B. ​on-scene warning signs.

C. the timing of the event.

D. the location of the call.

A. the type of event.

Biologic warfare is most effective when the agent can gain access through which of the following​ routes?

A. Blood

B. Respiratory tract

C. Gastrointestinal tract

D. Skin

B. Respiratory tract

The extent of radiation depends on which of the following​ factors?

A. Duration of exposure

B. Distance from the source

C. Shielding from the source

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Concerning the threat of nuclear devices used in terrorist​ attacks, which of the following is most likely to be used in such an​ attack?

A. Military nuclear device

B. Radiologic dispersal device

C. Sabotage of facilities for nuclear research

D. Improvised nuclear weapon

C. Sabotage of facilities for nuclear research

Which of the following is not generally recognized as a form of terrorist​ incident?

A. Harassment

B. Explosion

C. Biologic weapons

D. Industrial sabotage

A. Harassment

Which two types of terrorism does the Federal Bureau of Investigation define as occurring in the United​ States?

A. Domestic and international

B. Violence and intimidation

C. Psychological and economic

D. Chemical and biologic

A. Domestic and international

You are on the scene of a blast from an incendiary device. You notice that several patients are walking around with minor​ injuries, but they do not respond when you ask the​ "walking wounded" to follow you to a specific location for treatment. What should you​ do?

A. Start checking vital signs and tagging each patient.

B. Speak louder.

C. Use signs to give directions.

D. Ignore them and start treating other patients.

C. Use signs to give directions.

A terrorist incident may have features in common with which of the following types of​ incidents?

A. Hazardous materials

B. Infectious disease

C. Mass casualty

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Someone who has more hair than average on his body is at a higher risk than someone with less hair to be exposed to a toxin by which of the following​ routes?

A. Ingestion

B. Absorption

C. Inhalation

D. Injection

B. Absorption

Which of the following does not have an impact on the behavior of a chemical in a​ mass-casualty incident?

A. Physical state of the agent

B. Volatility of the agent

C. Route of entry into the body

D. Whether it was an intentional or accidental exposure

D. Whether it was an intentional or accidental exposure

The best way for a terrorist to weaponize and disseminate a chemical nerve agent to expose a large number of people would be​ to:

A. put it in a paper bag in a crowded mall and puncture the bag with a stick.

B. throw a Molotov cocktail loaded with nerve agent into a windshield of a passenger bus.

C. throw a paper bag loaded with nerve agent onto a busy subway train.

D. steal a truck that sprays for mosquitos and aerosolize the nerve agent into a crowded subdivision.

D. steal a truck that sprays for mosquitos and aerosolize the nerve agent into a crowded subdivision.

Which of the following best defines domestic terrorism​?

A. Acts of violence perpetrated by American citizens against the government of another country

B. Groups or individuals directing violent acts at their own population or government

C. Interpersonal violence between family members

D. Politically motivated act of violence that occurs within the United States

B. Groups or individuals directing violent acts at their own population or government

The most common fatal primary injury from a blast​ is:

A. an extremity fracture.

B. a liver laceration.

C. an impaled object.

D. a lung injury.

D. a lung injury.

An oxygen level of​ ________ is required for normal breathing.

A. 25.5 percent

B. 16.5 percent

C. 19.5 percent

D. 10.5 percent

C. 19.5 percent

Dangerous organisms that can grow in a variety of environments and are capable of producing toxic substances are known​ as:

A. viruses.

B. toxins.

C. bacteria.

D. biologics.

C. bacteria.

Anthrax can infect an individual through which of the following routes of​ exposure?

A. Inhalation

B. Ingestion

C. Skin

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which of the following is not a consideration in the general protection against agents used in terrorist​ attacks?

A. Immunization

B. Distance from event

C. Shielding from the agent

D. Duration of exposure

A. Immunization

Dangerous organisms that grow inside of living cells and reproduce are known​ as:

A. biologics.

B. viruses.

C. bacteria.

D. toxins.

B. viruses.

The type of radiation that requires lead shielding for your protection​ is:

A. beta.

B. gamma.

C. delta.

D. alpha.

B. gamma.

Three methods for minimizing exposure to harmful incidents​ are:

A. time, decontamination, and shielding.

B. ​time, distance, and shielding.

C. ​technique, distance, and serum.

D. ​time, decontamination, and serum.

B. ​time, distance, and shielding.

Two elements that differentiate a hazardous materials incident from a terrorist incident​ are:

A. weapons of mass destruction and a political agenda.

B. targeting responders and a political agenda.

C. targeting responders and weapons of mass destruction​ (WMD).

D. crime scene considerations and targeting responders.

D. crime scene considerations and targeting responders.

Which of the following is a type of chemical​ weapon?

A. Vesicants

B. Bomb containing radioactive material

C. Bacterial toxin

D. Plastic explosives

A. Vesicants

Which of the following is not traditionally a responsibility of an EMT on the scene of a hazardous materials incident caused by​ terrorism?

A. Establishing perimeter control

B. Identification of any indicators of a particular agent

C. Activation of the notification process

D. Scene​ size-up

A. Establishing perimeter control

Which of the following features increases the appeal of an infectious agent for use in terrorist​ attacks?

A. Low virulence

B. Low potency

C. Instability

D. High infectivity

D. High infectivity