English June P2

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What should the conclusion do?

Reinforce purpose and provide closure.

What must every email include?

To, Subject, Greeting, Body, Closing, Sender's name.

What should be avoided in emails?

Slang, excessive abbreviations, and emojis.

Why should emails be concise?

Readers expect clear, direct communication.

Email format

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What is a blog?

An online article expressing ideas, experiences, information, or opinions.

What tone can a blog use?

Personal, engaging, conversational, informative, or persuasive.

What feature often attracts readers to a blog?

A catchy title.

What techniques can be used to engage readers?

Anecdotes, rhetorical questions, humour, direct address, and personal experiences.

What pronouns are often used in blogs?

First person ("I") and second person ("you").

blog format

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What is an open letter?

A letter written to a specific person or group but intended for public reading.

What techniques strengthen an open letter?

Emotional appeals, logical reasoning, evidence, and direct address.

open letter format

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How should a speech begin?

With a greeting and an engaging opening.

What are effective speech openings?

Questions, anecdotes, quotations, surprising facts, or powerful statements.

Why are rhetorical questions effective in speeches?

They engage listeners and encourage reflection.

What should be used often in speeches?

Repetition and inclusive language

What should the conclusion of a speech do?

Leave a memorable final impression such as a call to action.

speech format

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What is one of the biggest reasons learners lose marks in transactional writing?

Using the wrong format and inappropriate tone.

What is the most important feature of a literary essay?

A clear argument that answers the question.

What is the difference between analysis and summary?

Summary tells what happens; analysis explains significance and meaning.

Why do learners lose marks in literary essays?

They retell the story instead of analysing it.

What should every paragraph contribute to?

The argument.

What should every piece of evidence do?

Support the thesis.

What should you do first when reading an essay question?

Identify the key words and focus of the question.

What does "discuss" require?

A balanced exploration of ideas.

What does "analyse" require?

Breaking ideas into parts and explaining how they work.

What does "evaluate" require?

Judging effectiveness or importance.

What does "to what extent" require?

A clear judgement about how true the statement is.

What does "critically discuss" require?

Analysis plus evaluation.

What is a thesis statement?

The central argument of the essay.

Where is the thesis usually found?

In the introduction.

What should a thesis do?

Directly answer the question.

What should every body paragraph connect back to?

The thesis.

What is the purpose of the conclusion?

To reinforce the argument.

What should the introduction contain?

Context, focus, and thesis.

What is the main job of the introduction?

To establish the argument.

What is the purpose of a body paragraph?

To develop one main idea supporting the thesis.

How many main ideas should a paragraph contain?

One.

What should begin each paragraph?

A topic sentence.

What is a topic sentence?

A sentence stating the paragraph's main idea.

What follows the topic sentence?

Evidence and analysis.

What should end the paragraph?

A link back to the thesis.

What does PEEL stand for?

Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link.

Which part of PEEL usually earns the most marks?

Explanation (analysis).

What forms can evidence take?

Quotations, incidents, actions, events, and character behaviour.

Should quotations dominate the essay?

No.

What does analysis explain?

How and why evidence supports the argument.

What question should you always ask when analysing?

"Why is this important?"

What separates top essays from average essays?

Depth of analysis.

What does insightful analysis reveal?

Deeper meanings and implications.

What should you ask after identifying a technique?

"Why did the writer use it?"

What earns marks regarding techniques?

Explaining their purpose and impact.

What is characterisation?

The methods used to create and develop characters.

What should character analysis focus on?

Actions, motivations, development, and significance.

Why are motivations important?

They explain behaviour.

What is a character arc?

The development or change of a character.

Why is character development important?

It often reveals themes and messages.

Should themes be treated as isolated ideas?

No.

What should a conclusion do?

Reinforce the argument.

Should new ideas be introduced in the conclusion?

No.

What should be summarised?

The key argument and insights.

What is the most common criticism in literary essays?

Excessive storytelling.

What distinguishes an excellent literary essay?

Insightful argument, detailed evidence, and sophisticated analysis.

Why are nuanced arguments effective?

Literature is rarely completely one-sided.

Who wrote Othello?

William Shakespeare.

What genre is Othello?

Tragedy.

What is a Shakespearean tragedy?

A play in which a noble character falls because of a fatal flaw, external pressures, or both.

Who is the tragic hero in Othello?

Othello.

What is Othello's tragic flaw? (3)

Jealousy, insecurity, and excessive trust in Iago.

What is Othello's social position?

He is a respected Moorish general in the Venetian army.

Why is Othello considered an outsider?

Because of his race, background, and foreign identity.

Where does the play begin?

In Venice.

Where does most of the action take place?

On the island of Cyprus.

Why is the move to Cyprus significant?

It removes social order and creates an environment where manipulation can flourish.

How is Othello initially presented?

Noble, respected, composed, and honourable.

What qualities make Othello admirable?

Courage, leadership, dignity, and honesty.

Why does Desdemona love Othello?

She admires his life story, courage, and character.

What does Othello value most?

Honour and reputation.

What makes Othello vulnerable to Iago?

His insecurity about being different.

What internal conflict does Othello experience?

The struggle between reason and jealousy.

How does Othello change during the play?

He transforms from rational and noble to suspicious, violent, and destructive.

What ultimately destroys Othello?

His belief in Iago's lies and his inability to trust Desdemona.

Why is Othello a tragic hero?

He possesses admirable qualities but is destroyed by his flaws and manipulation.

Who is the main antagonist?

Iago.

What position does Iago hold?

Othello's ensign.

Why is Iago angry at Othello?

Othello promotes Cassio instead of him.

What famous line reveals Iago's deceptive nature?

"I am not what I am."

What does this line suggest?

Appearance differs from reality.

What is Iago's greatest weapon?

Manipulation.

How does Iago manipulate others?

Through lies, suggestion, and psychological control.

Why is Iago considered one of Shakespeare's greatest villains?

He destroys lives without clear justification and manipulates nearly everyone.

What literary device allows the audience to understand Iago's plans?

Soliloquies.

Why are Iago's soliloquies important?

They reveal motives and create dramatic irony.

What does Iago understand about human nature?

People's weaknesses and insecurities.

What weakness does Iago exploit in Othello?

Jealousy and insecurity.

Who is Desdemona?

Othello's wife.

How is Desdemona initially presented?

Loving, loyal, intelligent, and courageous.