Rad Physics pp 2 slides
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80 Terms
What is electromagnetic energy?
A state of energy that is present all around us
What is an atom of light called?
A photon
What is a photon?
The smallest quantity of any type of electromagnetic energy
How do photons move through space?
At the speed of light
Do photons have mass?
No
What fields do photons have?
Electric and magnetic fields
How do the electric and magnetic fields of photons change?
They continuously change in a sinusoidal pattern
What is a sine wave?
A type of sinusoidal variation
What is amplitude?
One-half the range from crest to valley
What is frequency?
The number of wavelengths that pass a point per second
What is wavelength?
The distance from one crest to another or one valley to another
What happens to frequency when wavelength gets shorter?
Frequency gets higher
What are the three wave parameters needed to describe electromagnetic energy?
Velocity, frequency, and wavelength
At a given velocity, how are wavelength and frequency related?
They are inversely proportional
What does inversely proportional mean for wavelength and frequency?
As wavelength decreases, frequency increases
What is transparency?
Light is transmitted unaltered
What is an example of a transparent object?
Smooth window glass
What is translucency?
Light is scattered and intensity is decreased
What is an example of a translucent object?
Frosted glass or glass block
What is opacity?
No light passes through
What is an example of an opaque object?
Black painted glass
What does radiopaque mean?
X-rays are mostly absorbed, so the object appears lighter or white on an image
What does radiolucent mean?
X-rays pass through more easily, so the object appears darker on an image
What type of photon has more energy than visible light or radiofrequency photons?
An X-ray photon
What is photon energy directly proportional to?
Frequency
What happens to photon energy when frequency increases?
Photon energy increases
How does the frequency of X-rays compare to visible light and RF waves?
X-rays have a much higher frequency
How does the wavelength of X-rays compare to other electromagnetic energy?
X-rays have a much shorter wavelength
How is visible light identified?
By wavelength
How is radiofrequency energy identified?
By frequency
How are X-ray photons identified?
By energy
What are the two types of ionizing electromagnetic radiation discussed?
X-rays and gamma rays
What is the only difference between X-rays and gamma rays?
Their origin
Where do X-rays originate?
In the electron shells
Where do gamma rays originate?
In the nucleus
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
The range of all types of electromagnetic energy
Where are X-rays located on the electromagnetic spectrum?
At the high-energy, high-frequency, short-wavelength end
Where are radio waves located on the electromagnetic spectrum?
At the low-energy, low-frequency, long-wavelength end
What is the inverse square law?
Radiation intensity decreases with the square of the distance from the source
What happens to radiation intensity as distance from the source increases?
Intensity decreases rapidly
What type of energy does the inverse square law apply to?
Any electromagnetic energy
What does the inverse square law describe?
The relationship between radiation intensity and distance from the source
What is the formula idea for the inverse square law?
Intensity is inversely proportional to distance squared
If distance is doubled, what happens to the area covered by the beam?
The area increases four times
If distance is doubled, what happens to radiation intensity?
Intensity becomes one-fourth
If distance is tripled, what happens to radiation intensity?
Intensity becomes one-ninth
What does I1 represent in the inverse square law?
Intensity at the first distance
What does I2 represent in the inverse square law?
Intensity at the second distance
What does d1 represent in the inverse square law?
The first distance from the source
What does d2 represent in the inverse square law?
The second distance from the source
What does ISL stand for?
Inverse Square Law
What does the inverse square law assume about absorption?
No energy absorption occurs between the source and receptor
What does the inverse square law assume about the source?
The source is a point source
At what SID do small distance changes affect beam intensity more rapidly?
At a short SID
What does SID stand for?
Source-to-image distance
Why does beam intensity decrease as distance increases?
The same energy spreads over a larger area
What happens to beam area when distance increases?
The beam area increases
What happens to intensity when beam area increases?
Intensity decreases
What is the relationship between distance and intensity?
Distance and intensity are inversely related