CELL STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND TYPE

are the smallest structural units and basic building blocks of living things.

contain everything necessary to keep living things alive

Varying in size and shape

cells

who came up with the cell theory?

schwann, schleiden, virchow

what is the cell theory ? (3)

1. All living things are composed of one or more cells.

2. Cells are alive and represent the basic unit of life.

3. All cells are produced from pre-existing cells.

what is cell size of prokaryote

Around 0.2–2.0 µm in diameter

nucleus, organelles, flagella of prokaryote

absent, absent, simple in structure

cell size of eukaryote

Around 10–100 µm in diameter

nucleus, organelles, flagella of eukaryote

true nucleus,

Several present, ranging from ribosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum,

Complex in structure

if the prokaryotic cells lacks nuclei, where is their DNA

cytoplasm, surrounded by plasma membrane

are specialized structures with a specific cellular function

organelles

what do ribosomes do for prokaryotes?

aid in protein synthesis

why do prokaryotes have flagellum

hairs attached to the cell helps with locomotion

why do prokaryotes have pili

hair0like structure surrounding the cells, aid in cellular adhesion

what are the most common prokaryotes

bacteria and archaea

most prokaryotes are ____ or made of a single cell, but there are a few _____

unicellular, multicellular organism

cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus where DNA is stored

eukaryotic cells

what type of organelles exist in eukaryotic cells?

membrane-bound organelles

what parts of the cells do eukaryotes and prokaryotes have in common?

cytoplasm, ribosomes, and plasma membrane (unicellular or multicellular)

example of eukaryotes

fungi and people (larger)

what are animal cells?

eukaryotic cells

ex of animal cells

Cheek, nerve, and muscle cells

list structure of animal cells

cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosome, vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, golgi apparatus

name the part of animal cell

A double layer that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment. It is semi-permeable, meaning it only allows certain molecules to enter the cell.

cell membrane

name the part of animal cell

A membrane-bound organelle that contains the genetic material, such as DNA, for a cell. Inside is the nucleolus that plays a role in assembling subunits required to make ribosomes.

nucleus

name the part of animal cell

The cell’s powerhouses that provide energy to the cell for it to function. Much of the energy in the form of ATP is produced here.

mitochondria

name the part of animal cell

The cell’s protein factories that can be found floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

ribosomes

name the part of animal cell

Small sacs in a cell that store water and food for survival. This organelle also stores waste material that is mostly in the form of water.

vacuoles

name the part of animal cell

A network of membranes that functions as a cell’s transportation system, shuttling proteins and other materials around the cell. The smooth____ lacks ribosomes, and the rough ______ has ribosomes.

endoplasmic reticulum

name the part of animal cell

Sac-like structures that contain digestive enzymes that are used to break down food and old organelles.

lysosomes

name the part of animal cell

A stack of flattened pouches that plays a role in processing proteins received from the endoplasmic reticulum. It modifies proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and then packages them into a vesicle that can be sent to other places in the cell.

golgi apparatus

what 2 structures do animal cells not have but plant cells have

cell wall and chloroplasts

what is function of cell wall

provide protection and support to plant cells

enforces the overall structural integrity of the plant cell, and it is found outside the cell membrane.

are photosynthetic compounds used to make food for plant cells by harnessing energy from the sun

play a role in photosynthesis

found in the cytoplasm

chloroplasts

are organisms that make energy-rich biomolecules from raw material in nature

using basic energy sources like the sun

rely on photosynthesis

autotrophs

these are animals, and they are unable to make their own food

must consume and metabolize their food sources to absorb the stored energy

ex: animal and fungi and certain bacteria

heterotrophs

how much of energy for life on earth is provided through the process of photosynthesis

99%