asexual reproduction

why are new cells made?

for growth, and to replace damaged or old cells

how many cells are made when a cell divides?

2 new identical daughter cells

give 3 examples of asexual reproduction

mitosis, binary fission, cloning

what is a zygote?

the cell that is produced by the joining of the egg and sperm (gamete)

give an example of sexual reproduction

meiosis

how many parents does **asexual** reproduction involve?

1

give 2 characteristics of the offspring in asexual reproduction

* exact replicates of the parent
* in the diploid (2n) condition

what are the advantages and disadvantages of **asexual** reproduction?

* Disadvantage: no genetic variation (disease can wipe out the whole species)
* Advantage: If there is a perfect environment, they can take advantage of that & reproduce. They don’t spend any time looking for a mate.

what are the advantages and disadvantages of **sexual** reproduction?

* Disadvantage: expend energy looking for a mate
* Advantage: there is genetic variation (some of the species is liable to survive a disease)

explain binary fission

* happens in bacteria (some protists)
* involves the division of the cell into 2 approximately equal parts

what is budding?

an outgrowth of the organism pinches off and lives independently of the parent, forming a new organism like in hydra, yeast, and sponges.

what is fragmentation?

a piece of an organism forms a whole new organism, like in flatworms and starfish.

\*a portion of the old organism must be present for new organism to form\*

what is vegetative reproduction?

when stems, leaves or roots give rise to a new plant. (happens when cuttings are used to get a new plant)

what is regeneration?

the regrowth of missing tissues or organs (like in starfish & sponges)

what are spores?

reproductive cells that can give rise to a new plant of fungus without fusion with another cell.

what is parthenogenisis?

the development of unfertilized eggs into individuals. This can happen in insects and all the offspring are **females.**

what asexual reproduction is used in agriculture?

vegetative reproduction / propagation

example of a prokaryote

bacteria

examples of eukaryotes

plants, fungi, protozoans, animals

how do bacteria asexually reproduce?

binary fission

name the 3 steps of binary fission in bacteria.

1. DNA replicates (forming a chromosome) that attaches to inside of the cell membrane
2. The cell elongates. Chromosomes move to each end of the cell.
3. Cell divides in 2. New cell wall develops between the 2 cells.