Energy Balance and Body Weight

This set of flashcards covers key concepts related to energy balance, body weight, nutrition, food safety, and health across different life stages.

Energy Balance

The relationship between calories consumed and calories burned.

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The energy your body uses at rest to maintain basic functions like breathing and heartbeat.

Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)

Energy used to digest, absorb, and process food.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A calculation using weight and height to estimate body fat.

Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT)

Fat stored around organs, which is more dangerous.

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SCAT)

Fat stored under the skin.

Ghrelin

A hormone released by the stomach that increases hunger.

Leptin

A hormone released by fat cells that signals fullness.

Calorie Surplus

A condition where extra energy is stored as body fat.

Anorexia Nervosa

A disorder involving severe restriction of food and very low body weight.

Foodborne Infection

Illness caused by bacteria growing in the body.

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Bacteria from undercooked beef that can cause severe illness.

Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA)

A law focused on preventing food contamination.

Selective Breeding

Choosing plants or animals with desired traits over generations.

Genetic Modification (Bioengineering)

Directly changing DNA in a lab.

Colostrum

First milk rich in antibodies produced during lactation.

Sarcopenia

Age-related muscle loss.

Food Security

Consistent access to enough food.

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)

Provides food benefits.