Bio 2 - Pig Fetus Dissection Terms (Sem II final)

peritoneum

anchors the organs of the abdomen to the abdominal wall (so they don’t fall out)

stomach

mechanically digests food by churning

large intestine

full of healthy bacteria that aid digestion

rectum

stores feces until defecation can occur; absorbs water from feces

esophagus

passes food from the mouth to the stomach

pancreas

produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar; part of the endocrine system

rugae

folds inside the stomach that increase its surface area

villi

increase the surface area of the small intestine

large intestine

also known as the colon

pancreas

creates enzymes that aid digestion and puts them into the small intestine

gallbladder

stores bile produced by the liver and passes it to the small intestine

pyloric sphincter

round muscle that controls when food passes from the stomach to small intestine

large intestine

absorbs water from digested food

liver

creates bile; breaks down toxins in our blood

small intestine

breaks down food and absorbs nutrients into the blood stream

villi

finger-like projections inside the small intestine

stomach

chemically digests food with gastric fluid

Hypothyroidism

under producing hormones

hyperthyroidism

over producing hormones

ureter

narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

thyroid gland

creates hormones that regulate metabolism

renal cortex

outer layer of the kidney

renal artery

deliver unclean blood to the kidneys

kidney

removes old, damaged red blood cells from the bloodstream

urinary bladder

muscular sac that stores urine until urination can occur

thymus gland

where T cells are “trained” and matured

kidney

filter blood by removing waste and excess water to create urine

thymus gland

produces white blood cells during an infection

renal medulla

inner layer of the kidney

thymus gland

shrinks as you age

renal veins

remove cleaned blood from the kidneys and return it to the bloodstream and rest of body

renal pelvis

where each kidney dumps collects urine and passes it into the ureters

adrenal gland

produce adrenaline, cortisol, and other hormones

thymus gland

creates hormones that fuel the production and maturation of T cells

Where does the glottis open to?

respiratory tract

Where does the esophagus open to?

digestive tract

Order of the heart structures

body →superior/inferior vena cava →right atrium →tricuspid valve →right ventricle →pulmonary valve →pulmonary artery →lungs →pulmonary vein →left atrium →bicuspid valve → left ventricle → aortic valve → aorta → body

larynx

contains the vocal cords

left atrium

chamber of the heart that receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs

alveoli

millions of air sacs inside each lung

glottis

opening to the pig’s respiratory tract; protected by the epiglottis

bronchi

what the trachea splits into; one leads to the left lung while the other leads to the right lung

diaphragm

contracts and relaxes to cause the lungs to inhale and exhale

heart

muscular pump that propels blood through the veins and arteries

larynx

the voice box

coronary artery

artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the heart itself

lungs

divided into lobes; filled with bronchioles and alveoli

How many lobes does the right lung have?

4 lobes

How many lobes does the left lung have?

3 lobes

left ventricle

chamber of the heart that pumps freshly oxygenated blood to the body

bronchioles

what the bronchi split into; smaller branches inside each lung

aorta

blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body

right atrium

chamber of the heart that receives deoyxgenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle

epiglottis

flap of cartilage that closes to cover the airway when an animal is eating or drinking

trachea

strong cartilage tube that passes air to and from the lungs

pericardium

membrane around the heart that is filled with a lubricating fluid

alveoli

where gases pass between the lungs and the bloodstream

auricles

flap-like structures above each atrium that increase the volume of blood each atrium can hold

pulmonary artery

blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs

diaphragm

separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities

right ventricle

chamber of the heart that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Dorsal

behind

ventral

towards the belly

anterior

in front

posterior

towards the back

lateral

to the side

medial

towards the midline

frontal plane

an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

sagittal plane

an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into left and right sides

transverse plane

an imaginary flat surface that divides the body into superior and inferior portions

cranial cavity

space in the body that includes the brain

thoracic cavity

space in the body that includes the heart, lungs, trachea, esophagus, thymus, and thyroid gland

abdominal cavity

space in the body that includes the intestines, stomach, liver, spleen, and urinary system

mesentery

connects abdominal organs to the dorsal body wall

muscles

contract and relax to create movement

tendon

connects muscle to bones

pinnae

external ears that help collect sound

teats

nipples; present in both male and female pigs

hair shaft

visible part of the hair extending from the skin

hair root

part of the hair embedded in the follicle

hair follicle

tunnel-shaped structure in the skin where hair grows

sudoriferous glands

sweat glands that help with cooling

umbilical cord

connects the fetus to the placenta

urogenital opening

opening for the urinary and reproductive systems

scrotum

sac that contains the testes

pinnae

ears of the fetal pig

hard palate

the hard part of the roof of the mouth, has bone behind it

soft palate

behind the hard palate; has only muscle and soft tissue behind it

incisors

front teeth; bite into food

canines

sharp teeth; grip and tear food

molars

back teeth; grind food

tongue

pushes food toward the esophagus

esophagus

muscular tube; leads to the rest of the gastrointestinal tract

Gastrointestinal tactic in order

mouth, esophagus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach, plyoric sphincter, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

spleen

not an endocrine gland (part of immune system); removes old, damaged red blood cells from the bloodstream and produces white blood cells during an infection

Respiratory System in order

mouth/nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

digestive system

breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

respiratory system

allows oxygen to enter the bloodstream and CO2 to exit the bloodstream

muscular system

contracts and relaxes to cause movements

cardiovascular system

delivers blood to and from the body cells