[U] LIGHTING SYSTEM (copy)

This set is combined with Materials of Decoration

Absorption

The ratio of the radiation absorbed by a surface to the total incident on the surface

Diffusion

A scattered reflection of light from an irregular surface

Reflectance

The return of light, sound or, or radiant heat after striking a surface

Transmission

Passage of light through a medium when light falls upon a transparent material

Transmittance

The ratio of the radiation transmitted through and emerging from a body to the total incident on it, equivalent to one minus the absorptance

Brightness

The light emanating from the object being viewed; Also known as luminance, the luminous flux or light emitted, transmitted, or reflected from a surface

Natural Light

A source of light from daylight; Achieved by using windows, skylights or light shelves;
Main source of light during daytime

Artificial Light

A source of light from electrical sources, and is man-made, can be turned on and off at a flick of a switch

General Lighting

A classification of light known as background lighting, direct replacement for natural light, provides a uniform level of illumination for a general level of visibility

Local Lighting

A classification of light that provides a high level illumination over a small area, with a surrounding area of lower intensity, it is opposite to general illumination

Task Lighting

A classification of light designed to provide localized light in specific areas for specific tasks

Accent Lighting

A classification of light used to call attention to a particular object in the visual field or that forms a decorative pattern on a surface

Highlight

Emphasize an object by illuminating with a strong light

Backlight

To illuminate from behind, often used to create a special effect

Sidelight

Light coming from the side

Soft Light

Diffused light that produces little contrast

Hard Light

Direct light that produces high contrast

Information Lighting

A classification of light known as orientation or utility lighting, provides visual information based in areas of total blackness

Indirect

A method of light distribution where 90% to 100% of the light output directed towards the ceiling and upper walls of the room

Semi-indirect

A method of light distribution where 60% to 90% of the light output is directed upward to the ceiling and upper walls

Direct-indirect

A method of light distribution that provides approx. equal distribution of light upward and downwards

Semi-direct

A method of light distribution where 60% to 90% of light is directed downwards while the rest is directed upwards

Direct

A method of light distribution where 90% to 100% of the light output is directed downwards

General

A method of light distribution where light is distributed on all sides

Cornice Lighting

A system where light sources are shielded by a panel parallel to the wall and attached to the ceiling to distribute light downwards over the wall.

Cove Lighting

A system where light sources are shielded by a ledge to distribute light upwards over the ceiling and upper wall. It is a form of indirect lighting.

Valance Lighting

A system where light sources are shielded by a panel parallel to the wall usually across the top of a window. this provides light both upwards and downwards over the wall

Lamp

Defined as any various devices for producing light, wither by electricity or gas; the source of light in a fixture, colloquially called light bulb

Incandescent Lamp

A type of lamp in which a filament inside the lamp's bulb is heated by electrical current to produce light

Filament

The threadlike conductor of an electric lamp that is heated to incandescence by the passage of an electric current

Bulb

A part of an incandescent lamp that is the glass housing of a lamp

Lamp Base

A part of an incandescent lamp that is a part of the bulb that connects to a lamp holder

A Bulb

The standard rounded shape for the bulbs for general-service incandescent lamps

B Bulb

Flame-shaped bulb for low-wattage, decorative incandescent lamps

C Bulb

Cone-shaped bulb for low-wattage, decorative incandescent lamps

CA Bulb

A candle-shaped bulb for low-wattage, decorative incandescent lamps

R Bulb

A reflector bulb of blown glass for incandescent and high-intensity-discharge lamps, having an internal reflective coating and either a clear or frosted glass front to provide the desired beam spread

PAR Bulb

A parabolic aluminized reflector bulb cast-glass for incandescent; high-intensity discharge lamps

ER Bulb

A ellipsoidal reflector bulb having a internal reflector and collects lights and redirects dispersed pattern at some distance

A/SB Bulb

A bulb having a hemispherical reflective silver bowl opposite the lamp base to decrease glare

G Bulb

Globe-shaped bulb for incandescent lamps, having a low brightness for exposed use

PS Bulb

Pear-shaped bulb for large incandescent lamps

S Bulb

A straight-sided bulb for low-wattage, decorative incandescent lamps

Tungsten-Halogen

Quartz or quartz-iodine lamp, used a halogen gas cycle to prevent rapid depreciation of the lamp filament and darkening of the transparent envelop

Floodlights

Broad-beamed, high-intensity bulb often used to illuminate outdoor playing fields

R or BR

What is the soft glass incandescent bulb labeled as?

Reflector

A surface for reflecting light heat, or esp. the device on a luminaire having such a surface for controlling the distribution of light emitted by a lamp

J Type Bulb

This is double-ended and commonly used as security lighting

JC Type

This is a low voltage bulb, commonly found under counters in desk lamps, or as accent lighting. They come in capsule shape, with 2 pins at the base

JCD Type

They are commonly used in under-counter lighting, desk lamps, accent lighting, or pendant lighting. Similar to JC type since they have pins at the end, but different since they use a higher voltage

JDD Type

These are generally used in the foodservice industry and come in the standard base size. They have a halogen filament that is enclosed in glass, and then surrounded again by an overall glass jacket

G6.35, G8, G9

What are the three different sizes of a JCD type?

JDR Type

These are small reflector floodlights that are commonly used in range hoods or as track lighting. They come in clear or frosted glass finishes and can be purchased with or without a glass cover

MR Type

A multifaceted reflector bulb for tungsten-halogen lamps, having highly polished reflectors arranged in discrete segments to provide the desired beam spread

Diameter

In symbols such as MR16 in a MR bulb, what is represented by numbers indicating units of eights of an inch?

Gaseous Discharge Lamp

A type of light source that produces illumination by passing an electric current through a gas or a mixture of gases

Fluorescent Lamp

A cylindrical glass tube, sealed at both ends, containing a mixture of inert gas (argon and mercury); Has a cathode that supplies electrons to start and maintain the mercury arc or gaseous discharge

Fluorescence

The emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation

Phosphor

Any of a number of substance that emit light when energized by radiation

Standard

A classification of fluorescent lamps known as the T-bulb; The standard shape that comes in 4 types (T12, T8, T5, T4)

Slim-line

A classification of fluorescent lamps that does not require a starter, have single-pin bases, come in diameters 3/4", 1", and 1-1/2" ; and come in lengths from 42" (4 ft) to 96" (8 ft)

Circline

A classification of fluorescent lamps that is doughnut shaped for circular luminaires

U-Bent

A classification of fluorescent lamps that are u-shaped and used for square or rectangular luminaires

Pre-Heat

A classification of fluorescent lamp that requires a starter which precedes the cathodes so that less voltage is required to strike an arc

Instant Start

A classification of fluorescent lamp where a sufficient voltage is applied between the electrodes to strike the art without preheating when a lamp is first switched on

Rapid Start

A classification of fluorescent lamp that is the most recent developments the one that is most widely used. it use low resistance electrodes which can be heated continuously with low current loses

Automatic Switch or Starter

An automatic switch, self contained in a small tubular jacket which is inserted in the fixture body

Compact Fluorescent Lamp

A type of lamp designed to fit into roughly the same space as an incandescent lamp, but with the advantage of a Fluorescent lamp.
Longer rated life and use less energy compared to incandescent lamps

Spiral

The most popular type of compact fluorescent bulbs it can be used anywhere that a traditional incandescent light bulb works

Incandescent Shaped

An a-shape bulb it is a spiral ball with the dome of clear glass that mimics and incandescent bulb

Globe

Meant to be on display such as in a bathroom vanity fixture or a pendant light

Tube

These were some of the first CFL bulbs available to customers; Come in quad, twin, and F types

Candle-shaped

Shaped like an incandescent candle light bulb these are smaller sleeker and more appropriate for decorative lighting task

Post

Spiral CFLs on the inside with a durable cover on top that is sealed to withstand wind rain and snow

Reflector

Used in place of incandescent flood lights because they provide directional light; Can be used in recessed or track lighting

Neon Vapor Lamps

A Cold-Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) emitting a glow when a high voltage is applied across two electrodes in a gas-filled glass tube

High-Intensity Discharge Lamps

These lamps are members of the electric discharge family of light sources; Light is produced when a high-pressure electric arc is passed through a gas vapor, rather than by a low-pressure arc as in fluorescent lamp

Mercury Vapor Lamps

Contains mercury vapor in a clear quartz arc tube which when electrically excited produces visible light of characteristically blue-green color

Metal Handle Lamps

A modification of the mercury vapor with an arc of improved color; Arc tube contains metallic vapors and possesses increased light output, improved color rendition without the use of phosphors, and small source size

High Pressure Sodium Lamps

Newest addition to the hid field it's arc tube is made of high-density polycrystalline alumina and contains a mixture of primarily sodium

Solid-State Lighting

A type of lighting that utilizes Light Emitting Diodes (LED); light in this type of lamp is emitted from a solid object which is a block of semiconductor rather than from a vacuum or gas tube as in the case in traditional incandescent and fluorescent lamp

Luminaire

A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp or lamps together with a housing design to distribute the light position and protect the lands and connect the lands of a power supply

Lumens

A measurement of the brightness of light

Footcandle

A unit of illumination equal to 1 lumen per square foot. (1 footcandle = 10.76 lux)

Lux

Amount of lumens falling on an area one square meter one meter away (1 footcandle = 10.76 lux)

Candlepower (CP)

Unit of light intensity

Footlamberts (FL)

Unit of brightness

Reflector

A luminaire that is surface for reflecting light heat, or the device on a luminaire having such a surface for controlling the distribution of light emitted by a lamp

Lens

A luminaire that is a piece of transparent material, having two opposite surfaces either or both of which are curved used in luminaries to focus, disperse, or collimate the emitted light

Diffuser

A luminaire that is any of a variety of translucent materials for filtering glare of a light source and distributing the light over an extended area

Louver

A luminaire that is a grid type of optical assembly used to control light distribution from a fixture; Can range from a small-cell plastic to the large-cell anodized aluminum louvres used in parabolic fluorescent fixtures

Suspended Ceiling Lights

Most common type of light fixture offering the greatest variety of designs; Light distributed can be any method depending on the shade you choose and the length of cord to which the bulb hangs

Chandelier

A decorative lighting usually having branched supports for a number of lamps

Droplight

A lighting fixture suspended from a ceiling or wall by a flexible cord, by which it can be raised or lowered

Pendant

Like a droplight, but is fixed and is suspended by a cord, wire, or chains

Wall Lights

A wall-mounted light fixture that diffuses light into the room, usually through a translucent housing

Sconce

A decorative wall bracket for candles or other lights

Wall Washers

Used to bathe a wall in an even stream of light

Ceiling Lights

Ceiling-mounted lighting that is not recessed; Provides general lighting

Downlights

Provides directional light in a downward stream; Normally recessed or semi-recessed in the ceiling, and when fully recessed is one of the most visually inconspicuous and attractive luminaires