Nursing Theory and Developmental Psychologists

This set covers major nursing theorists like Peplau and Henderson, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Erikson's stages of development, and Piaget's stages of cognitive growth.

Peplau interpersonal relations

A theory used in psychiatric nursing that advocates for mental health through various roles played by the nurse.

Orientation, Working, and Resolution

The three phases played by the nurse in Peplau's theory, with the middle phase containing subphases of identification and exploitation.

Virginia Henderson

Theorist who promoted humane and holistic care with the ultimate goal of patient independence.

Henderson's 14 components

A framework for care based on Maslow's hierarchy of human needs and the principle that external conditions affect life and development.

Supplementary

A role of the nurse defined by Virginia Henderson as helping the person.

Substitutive

A role of the nurse defined by Virginia Henderson as doing for the person.

Complementary

A role of the nurse defined by Virginia Henderson as working with the person.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A pyramid of needs where low-level physiological factors must be met before higher levels are addressed.

Physiological needs

The base of Maslow's pyramid including oxygen, food, elimination, temperature control, sex, movement, rest, and comfort.

Erikson's psychosocial Theory

A 1968 theory of development and socialization based on individuals interacting and learning about their world.

Trust vs. Mistrust

Erikson's infant stage where the individual depends on others to meet needs.

Autonomy vs. shame

Erikson's toddler stage where children begin to assert authority over their own actions.

Initiative vs. guilt

Erikson's preschool stage where the focus is on energetic learning.

Industry vs. inferiority

Erikson's school-age stage where children are eager to develop skills and motivated to complete tasks.

Identity vs. confusion

Erikson's adolescent stage where the focus is on who they are and who they want to become.

Piaget's cognitive theory

A 1969 theory where children progress through 4 stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.

Sensorimotor

Piaget's stage for Birth to $2$ years where the child explores the environment using senses.

Preoperational

Piaget's stage for ages $2-7$ where the child uses images and symbols to represent the world but cannot repeat mentally what is done physically.

Concrete operational

Piaget's stage for ages $7-11$ where logical reasoning replaces intuitive thought.

Formal operational

Piaget's stage for ages $11$ Plus where the person refines the ability to think logically and is capable of abstract thought.

Piaget's Four Concepts of Cognitive Development

The four components of intellectual growth: 1. adaptation, 2. assimilation, 3. accommodation, and 4. equilibration.