5.3 EXPLAINING & CLASSIFYING PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

Psychological Disorder

A pattern of behavior or mental processes that causes significant dysfunction, distress, or deviation from societal norms.

Stigma

Negative societal attitudes or discrimination directed toward individuals with mental health conditions.

DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)

A classification system developed by the American Psychiatric Association for diagnosing mental disorders.

ICD (International Classification of Diseases)

A diagnostic manual developed by the World Health Organization that includes criteria for mental and physical disorders.

Humanistic Perspective of Mental Disorders

A psychological approach that views mental disorders as resulting from a lack of support or obstacles to personal growth.

Eclectic Approach

A treatment and diagnostic method that combines elements from multiple psychological perspectives.

Cognitive Perspective of Mental Disorders

A psychological approach that explains mental disorders as being caused by distorted thinking, beliefs, or emotional patterns.

Behavioral Perspective of Mental Disorders

A psychological approach that views mental disorders as the result of learned behaviors or associations.

Evolutionary Perspective of Mental Disorders

A psychological approach that considers mental disorders as traits that may have once had survival value but are now maladaptive.

Psychodynamic Perspective of Mental Disorders

A psychological approach that attributes mental disorders to unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences.

Sociocultural Perspective of Mental Disorders

A psychological approach that examines how social and cultural environments contribute to mental disorders.

Biological Perspective of Mental Disorders

A psychological approach that attributes mental disorders to genetic, neurological, or physiological causes.

Biopsychosocial Model of Mental Disorders

A framework for understanding psychological disorders as the result of interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors.

Diathesis-Stress Model of Mental Disorders

A model that suggests psychological disorders develop from a genetic vulnerability combined with environmental stress.