animals with simple stomachs

coeliac artery

• what does it supply

• what are te branches

• what does it branch off of

• stomach, liver , spleen

• gastric, hepatic, splenic

• first branch of aorta abdominal

cranial mesenteirc artery

• where does it branch

• what does it supply

• branches into a network of arteries to reach diff parts of the small intestine and pancreas and ascending colon

caudal mesenteric artery

• what does it supply

• supplies blood to hindgut mostly descending colon and rectum

abdominal cavity- boundaries

• upper

• lower

• vertical

• upper boundary is diaphragm

• lower boundary is the upper plane of the pelvic cavity

• vertical boundary is vertebral column and abdominal muscles

peritoneal cavity

• what is it

• what does it cover

• what is it made up of

• function

• serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity

• covers most of intra abdominal organs

• layer of mesothelium supported by a thin layer of connective tissue

• support many of the abdominal organs and srves as a conduiot for their blood vessels, lymphatic vessles and nerves

boundaries of the peritoneal cavity

blood supply to the foregut-coeliac artery

• where does it drain

• liver, stomach, pancreas, spleen

• anastomosis- branches connect to each other- so if one gets cut off blood supply is still functional

• drainage is through the hepatic portal vein- liver gets all nutrients to process before heart and rest of body

liver anatomy

• where is it

• where relative to the diaphragm

• how many lobes

• how many processes

• most cranial part of abdomen

• located immediately behind the diaphragm

• six lobes

• two processes

intestine anatomy

small intestine

• duodenum : lining secretes mucous and fluids, bile duct, pancreatic duct

• jejunum and ileum: secretes fluids, digestive, absorption

caecum

large intestine

• ascending colon

• transverse colon

• descending colon

ileocaecocolic junction

• formed by the junction of the ileum into the ascending colon at the caecocolic orifice

• canine: cecocolic orifice and ielocolic orifice

• feline: ileocecocolic junction

peritoneum

• serous membrane forming the lining of the abdominal cavity

• covers most of the intra abdominal organs

mesentery

• double layer of peritoneum caused by invagination of an organ into the peritoneum, that connects the organ to the body wall and gives pathway to blood vessels, nerves and lymphatic ducts between the organ and the body wall

omenta

• what is it made of

• from which organs

• 2 types

• a double or multiple layer of peritoneum from the stomach or the proximal part of the duodenum to adjacent abdominal organs

• lesser omentum - from stomach and proximal duodenum to the liver

• greater omentum- from stomach and proximal duodenum to the transverse colon and transerse mesocolon, and hangs down freely from the transverse mesocolon anterior of the intestines

why is there different folds in the abdomnen

the gut develops from one simple tube into several expanded cavities that have to coil themselves to fit into the abdomen

whar is anastomosis

blood does not reach the gut from one single vessel/area

why are blood vessels running throught the mesentery

keep it safe and easy to reach all areas of git

venous drainage

• all veins from git and spleen combine into portal vein→liver

• portal vein is the main point of entry of nutrients into the liver→ filter. ditribution into the body circulatory system

functions of the external abdominal oblique

• compress abdominal cavity

• rotation of trunk

• most superficial muscle. wide aperneurosis forms inguinal ligament

functions of internal abdominal oblique

• opposes external ab oblique in rotation

• compresses abdomen- opposite of diaphragm

function of transversus abdominis

helps compress ribs and provides stability

function of rectus abdominis

assists in breathing and abdominal stability

inguinal ring

• connective tissue opening between abdominal muscles and their aponeurosis that forms the passage for vaginal process and for descent of testis.

• spermatic cord in males or the round ligament in females

• inguinal canal is the space between 2 rings

gastric artery

• left and right

• supply blood to the stomach

gasroepiploic arteries

• right and left origin

• where does it run from

• right gea from gastroduodenal artery

• left gea from the splenic artery

• run along the stomachs greater curvature within the greater omentum

celiac artery

• what is it a branch of

• what does it supply

• first major branch of the abdominal aorta

• stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, duodenum

ileocecal orifice and what is it guarded by?

• opening where the small intestine (ileum) meets the large intestine (cecum)

• guarded by the ileocecal valve

blood supply of ascending and descending colon

• ascending colon- cranial mesenteric

• descending colon- caudal mesenteric

pylorus

connects to the duodenum

stomach cardia

• food pass from the oesophagus into the stomach guarded by the cardiac sphincter

duodenal papilla- where is it and what joins here

in duodenum where the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct join

ileocecal fold

connect end of ileum to small intestine

is a peritoneal fold

what carnivore liver lobe contains 2 processes

caudate lobe

what is the linea alba

the bilateral longitudinal fibers of the rectus abdomius muscle and layers of the rectus sheath