Carbohydrates

1.4

What are carbohydrates?

Linear chains of sugar molecules

What bonds are carbohydrates connected by?

Covalent bonds

What can directional changes in components lead to?

Functional changes

What is an example of directional changes causing functional changes?

alpha glucose forming starch and beta glucose forming cellulose

What is the structure of starch?

Branched

What is the structure of glycogen?

Branched

What is the structure of cellulose?

Linear

Which sugars have similar functions: Starch, Glycogen, or Cellulose?

Starch and Glycogen

What is starch used for? Where?

Stored form of sugar and energy in plants

What is glycogen used for? Where?

Stored form of sugar and energy in animals

What is cellulose used for? Where? Why?

Provides strength in cell wall in plants because it has a more structural form

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides

What are 2 monomers of carbohydrates called?

Disaccharide

What is more than 2 monomers of carbohydrates called?

polysaccharide

What are monomers connected by to form polysaccharides?

Covalent bonds

What does glucose + glucose =?

Maltose

What does glucose + fructose =?

Sucrose

What does glucose + glalactose =?

Lactose

What does the branched structure of glycogen and starch imply about their energy release?

Provides quick bursts of energy