SPAUD 212 Final Exam Study Guide

lingua-alveolar

according to place of articulation classification, sounds that are produced when the tongue tip touches or comes close to the alveolar ridge are referred to as:

glottal sound

vocal tract resonator

sound at the lips

what are elements that are considered in the source-filter theory of vowel production?

increases and decreases in electrical activity

what does an Lx waveform represent?

articulatory undershoot

when articulators do not reach their target before they begin the following sound

a steeper closing phase than opening phase

what would the Lx waveform demonstrate in a modal register?

90 to 120 Hz

number of vocal fold vibrations per second in an adult male approximately

stops

on a spectrogram, the acoustic features of a silent gap, release burst, voice onset time and formant transitions occur in:

it doesn’t visualize mid and low vowels

one of the major disadvantages of electropalatography is:

shimmer

differences in the amplitude of each cycle of vocal fold vibration

sonorant sounds

nasals, glides, and liquids; sounds made with a less constricted vocal tract

stroboscopy uses

visualize the structure and function of larynx

assess the vocal fold edge

assess glottic closure and supraglottic activity

tongue height

what does the F1 on an F1/F2 plot represent

posterior cricoarytenoid

muscle that abducts the vocal folds

decrease in F₀

the primary acoustic manifestation of laryngeal changes through the preteen years is:

velum

lateral pharyngeal wall

posterior pharyngeal wall

structures that make up the velopharyngeal valve

primary function of cricothyroid joint

regulates fundamental frequency by elongating and shortening the vocal folds

fundamental frequency

which acoustic characteristic of voice is the strongest indicator of gender identification in humans?

mucosal wave

bottom to top opening and closing of the vocal folds

electroglottograph result

generates a waveform that corresponds to vocal fold movement

false

/f, v/ are interdental fricative (t or f)

true

a pressed or tense voice has a higher closed quotient than a breathy one (t or f)

true

amplitude is controlled by regulating subglottal pressure, primarily through increasing and decreasing medial compressions (t or f)

false

during connected speech, a rigid endoscope may be used to observe vocal fold function (t or f)

false

electropalatography adopts high frequency sound waves and is based on the principle of reflection (t or f)

true

fricatives are continuous sounds and appear as wide bands of acoustic energy, distributed over a broad range of frequencies on a spectrogram (t or f)

false

in a modal register, the speech quotient < 1 (t or f)

false

in acoustic analysis, the maximum phonation frequency range refers to the complete range of frequencies that an individual can generate including the pulse register (t or f)

true

in individuals with dysarthria, vowel distortions are indicated by reduced vowel space and reduced range of F1 and F2 on an F1/F2 plot (t or f)

true

individuals with unilateral vocal fold paralysis present with increased levels of jitter, shimmer, and NHR (t or f)

false

sibilants have more acoustic energy in the lower frequencies and are less intense than nonsibilants (t or f)

true

the larynx is composed on three sets of valves that open and close to perform various functions: aryepiglottic folds, false vocal folds, true vocal folds (t or f)

false

the phenomenon of preceding and following sounds overlapping and influencing one another is known as intonation (t or f)

true

the thyroid cartilage is the largest cartilage in the larynx and has a protrusion known as the “Adam’s apple” (t or f)

true

the vocal folds do not vibrate in a completely even, periodic manner due to their tissue and biomechanical characteristics (t or f)

transfer function

the resonance curve representing frequency response of adult male VT positioned for the schwa vowel

valleculae

the space between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis

nodules

bilateral growths on the cover of the vocal folds secondary to vocal hyperfunction

cochlear implants and hearing aids

2 options for providing amplification in individuals with hearing impairments

presbyphonia

the vocal changes resulting from the aging process

breathy voice

an abnormal voice quality secondary to hypoadduction of the vocal folds

thyroid prominence

another name for the Adam’s apple

formants

in a wide-band spectrogram, when harmonics are added together, they appear as broad horizontal bands of strong acoustic energy which are called:

coronal pattern

the pattern of velopharyngeal closure that is mostly velar movement is observed with small amount of lateral pharyngeal wall movement

12 dB/octave

in the glottal spectrum, the amplitude of successive harmonics reduces by