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Plot

The sequence of events that make up a story.

Setting

The time and place where a story occurs.

Main Idea

The central message or most important point of a text.

Narrator

The person telling the story.

Speaker

The voice speaking in a poem or literary work.

Imagery

Language that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, touch, taste, smell).

Metaphor

A comparison between two unlike things without using 'like' or 'as.'

Simile

A comparison using 'like' or 'as.'

Personification

Giving human qualities to non-human things.

Hyperbole

An extreme exaggeration for emphasis.

Foreshadowing

Hints or clues about future events in a story.

Parallels

Similar situations, characters, or events used for comparison.

Paradox

A statement that seems contradictory but contains truth.

Alliteration

Repetition of beginning consonant sounds in nearby words.

Rhyme

Words with similar ending sounds.

Dialogue

Conversation between characters.

Exposition

The introduction of characters, setting, and background information.

Rising Action

Events that build tension and lead to the climax.

Conflict

The main problem or struggle in a story.

Climax

The turning point or most intense moment.

Falling Action

Events after the climax that begin resolving the conflict.

Resolution

The conclusion where conflicts are settled.

Symbol

An object, person, or event that represents a larger idea.

Symbolism

The use of symbols to convey deeper meanings.

Motif

A recurring element that helps develop a theme.

Theme

The overall message or lesson about life.

Mood

The feeling created for the reader.

Tone

The author's attitude toward the subject.

Author's Purpose

The reason an author writes.

Aside

A remark spoken to the audience but not heard by other characters.

Soliloquy

A speech in which a character reveals thoughts while alone.

Monologue

A long speech by one character.

Tragedy

A drama involving serious events that often end in suffering or death.

Character

A person, animal, or figure in a story.

Characterization

The way an author develops a character.

Static Character

A character who does not change.

Dynamic Character

A character who changes during the story.

Flat Character

A simple character with few traits.

Round Character

A complex character with many traits.

Internal Conflict

A struggle within a character's mind.

External Conflict

A struggle between a character and an outside force.

Dramatic Irony

The audience knows something the characters do not.

Situational Irony

The outcome is different from what is expected.

Verbal Irony

A character says one thing but means another.

Literal Meaning

The exact, dictionary meaning.

Implied Meaning

A meaning suggested but not directly stated.

Inferred Meaning

A conclusion the reader reaches using clues and reasoning.

Context Clues

Hints in a text that help determine a word's meaning.

First Person

The narrator uses 'I,' 'me,' or 'we.'

Third Person Omniscient

The narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all characters.

Third Person Limited

The narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of one character.

Drama

A story written to be performed.

Fiction

Made-up stories.

Science Fiction

Stories involving advanced science or technology.

Historical Fiction

Fiction set in a real historical period.

Realistic Fiction

Made-up stories that could happen in real life.

Poetry

Writing that uses rhythm, imagery, and figurative language.

Nonfiction

Writing based on real facts and events.

Inform

Provide facts and information.

Give an Opinion

Express a viewpoint.

Persuade

Convince readers.

Entertain

Amuse readers.

Fact

Information that can be proven true.

Opinion

A belief or judgment.

Statistics

Numerical data used as evidence.

Humor

Content intended to be funny.

Anecdote

A short personal story used to illustrate a point.

Header

Your name, teacher's name, course, and date at the top left of the first page.

Pagination

Page numbers, usually in the upper right corner.

Margins

One-inch space around all sides of the page.

Font Type & Size

Typically Times New Roman, 12-point font.

Different Title Formats

Titles are centered and not bolded, underlined, or placed in quotation marks unless required.

Quotes with In-Text Citations

Quoted material followed by the author's last name and page number in parentheses.

Sources in a Works Cited

An alphabetical list of all sources used in the paper, placed on a separate page at the end.