lect 4 oral micro b

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, focusing on their characteristics, pathogenicity, and laboratory identification.

Staphylococcus spp.

A genus that consists of various species including S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and others, known for causing numerous infections.

Gram Positive

A classification of bacteria that retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining procedure, appearing purple under a microscope.

Capsule

A polysaccharide layer that protects bacteria from phagocytosis and enhances virulence.

Coagulase

An enzyme produced by Staphylococcus aureus that causes blood plasma to clot; used for identification.

Virulence Factor

Molecules produced by pathogens (like toxins and enzymes) that contribute to their ability to cause disease.

Mannitol Salt Agar Test

A selective and differential media used to isolate Staphylococcus aureus based on its ability to ferment mannitol.

S. pyogenes

A species of Streptococcus that is pathogenic, known for causing diseases such as strep throat and scarlet fever.

Bacitracin Sensitivity Test

A test used to identify Group A Streptococci (S. pyogenes) based on their susceptibility to the antibiotic bacitracin.

Toxic Shock Syndrome

A severe systemic illness caused by toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus leading to fever, rash, and multiple organ failure.

Hemolysis

The breakdown of red blood cells, caused by bacterial enzymes; used for classification of streptococci into α, β, and γ hemolytic groups.

Streptolysin O

A toxin produced by Streptococcus pyogenes which lyses red blood cells and is used in diagnosis.

Enterotoxin

A toxin produced by Staphylococcus species that can cause food poisoning and gastrointestinal distress.