Darby's Ch.16

Which of the following focuses on strengthening an individual's motivation for and movement toward a specific goal?

a. Maslow's hierarchy of needs

b. Transtheoretical Model

c. Health Belief Model

d. Motivational Interviewing

d. Motivational Interviewing

A 20-year-old male has completed dental implant therapy. Years ago, during a high school baseball game, he was hit in the face with a ball fracturing #6, #7, and #8. Both #6 and #7 were restored; however, #8 required extraction. Due to his age at the time of injury, he was not a candidate for a dental implant and had a removable prostheses to replace #8. The trauma from the injury and missing #8 impacted his emotional and social well-being. Now at age 20 years old, he has restored #8 with a dental implant and will be attending a major university out of state. Which of Maslow's hierarchy of needs have been met?

a. Self-actualization

b. Self esteem

c. Safety and security

d. Physiological needs

e. Love and belonging

b. Self esteem

Which of the following products would you recommend for plaque removal under a of a four-unit bridge #28-#31 (#31 and #28 abutments; #30 and #29 pontics) to an individual with dexterity limitations?

a. End-tuft brush

b. Super-floss

c. Proxy brush

d. Dental water jet

e. Both c and d

e. Both c and d

A 45-year-old African American male presents to the clinic for quadrant scaling and root planing. Health history is significant for a 20 year tobacco habit, social alcohol use, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and high cholesterol. Medications include a calcium channel blocker, metformin, and Lipitor. During the oral cancer screening you notice a 3 mm x 5 mm raised leukoplakia on the left lateral border of his tongue. All the following are risk factors for oral cancer EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?

a. Medications causing xerostomia

b. Tobacco and alcohol use

c. Ethnicity

d. Periodontitis

e. Both a and d

e. Both a and d

A 50-year-old Hispanic male presents as a new patient to the dental clinic. His medical, dental, pharmacologic, and social health history are updated. The patient brought a full mouth series of radiographs from his prior dentist that are 18 months old. The dental hygienist records his vitals, full mouth periodontal charting, and the hard and soft tissue evaluation. Collecting this information falls under what step of the dental hygiene process of care?

a. Assessment

b. Dental hygiene diagnosis

c. Planning

d. Implementation

e. Evaluation

f. Documentation

a. Assessment

Ms. Patel is a 46-year-old female that had quadrant scaling and root planing completed less than two months ago. She presents to the dental clinic for you to review and measure the results of the dental hygiene care plan. What category is this step of the dental hygiene process of care?

a. Assessment

b. Dental hygiene diagnosis

c. Planning

d. Implementation

e. Evaluation

f. Documentation

e. Evaluation

Which of the following viruses are linked to the development of cancers of the nasopharynx, cervix, and lymphatic system?

a. Human immunodeficiency virus

b. Epstein-Barr virus

c. Rhinovirus

d. Human papillomavirus

e. Both a and d

f. Both b and d

e. Both a and d

An individual with plaque-induced periodontal disease can benefit from all of the following EXCEPT:

a. Patient-centered counseling to support oral hygiene behaviors

b. Antimicrobial mouthrinse

c. Power toothbrush

d. Advice giving or use of fear tactics

e. Dentifrices with triclosan

d. Advice giving or use of fear tactics

The following are strategies to maintain a toothbrush except one. Which one is the exception?

a. Toothbrushes should be changed every three months.

b. Toothbrushes should be disinfected with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate after a cold, the flu, or infection/sore throat or replaced.

c. Toothbrushes should be rinsed and air-dried after each use.

d. Tootbrushes can be shared with others after disinfecting with a 11.6% alcohol mouth rinse.

d. Tootbrushes can be shared with others after disinfecting with a 11.6% alcohol mouth rinse.

A 25-year-old female presents to the dental clinic for her routine six month prophylaxis, bite-wing radiographs, and examination. She recently started a plant-based diet and prefers fruit compared to vegetables. You notice numerous incipient lesions on the bite-wing radiographs. You believe the incipient lesions are a result of her diet change that encompasses high natural sugar and acid found in fruit. The patient wants to maintain a plant-based diet with a high fruit content. However, she is interested in products to arrest the incipient lesions. Which of the following fluoride products is NOT an appropriate recommendation for this patient?

a. Amorphous calcium phosphate

b. Casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate

c. 5% fluoride varnish

d. Silver diamine fluoride

d. Silver diamine fluoride

All the following are FALSE statements about silver diamine fluoride (SDF) EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?

a. FDA approved as a desensitizing agent and for caries arrest

b. Should be applied to all individual with caries

c. The caries lesions will turn black in color after application

d. Available over the counter for caries prevention

c. The caries lesions will turn black in color after application

All the following can be recommended for plaque control to prevent peri-implant diseases for individuals with a dental implant EXCEPT:

a. Antimicrobial rinses (i.e., 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate)

b. Fluoride products (i.e., topical, varnish, or rinses)

c. Interdental brushes (i.e., toothpicks, interdental wedges, interdental tips)

d. Oral irrigation (i.e., dental water jet with or without antimicrobial rinse)

b. Fluoride products (i.e., topical, varnish, or rinses)

A 65-year-old Caucasian male presents to the clinic with the chief complaint of oral malodor. Health history is significant for acid reflux. The individual had a 40-year smoking habit and has been smoke-free for five years. He consumes daily coffee and one glass of red wine every night. During intraoral examination you notice plaque biofilm accumulation on the dorsal surface of the tongue. Which of the following recommendations would NOT be appropriate for this individual?

a. Oral hygiene education

b. Tobacco cessation

c. Dietary counseling

d. Referral to primary care physician

b. Tobacco cessation

Which of the following is NOT an assessment tools for caries?

a. Caries management by risk assessment (CAMBRA)

b. DIAGNOdent

c. DEXIS CarieVu

d. Radiographs

d. Radiographs

Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic and active ingredient of dentifrices?

a. Remineralizing agents

b. Binding agents

c. Antimicrobial agents

d. Desensitizing agents

b. Binding agents

Which of the following are risk factors for peri-implant diseases?

a. Tobacco use

b. Plaque biofilm

c. History of periodontal disease

d. All of the above

d. All of the above

A 30-year-old woman recently diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis presents to the dental clinic. All of the following factors contribute to her caries risk EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?

a. Xerostomia associated with medications to manage rheumatoid arthritis

b. Use of fluoride mouthrinse

c. Sealants in pits and fissures

d. Poor manual dexterity

e. Both a and d

f. Both b and c

f. Both b and c

Which of the following are contraindications for dental sealants?

a. Individuals with deep pits and fissures

b. Individuals with newly erupted teeth with deep pits and fissures

c. Individuals with carious lesions on the proximal surfaces extending to the occlusal surface

d. Individuals with xerostomia

e. Both a and b

f. Both c and d

c. Individuals with carious lesions on the proximal surfaces extending to the occlusal surface

An oral lesion present more than two weeks should be examined by the following?

a. VELscope

b. Brush biopsy of the lesion

c. ViziLite

d. Biopsy of the lesion

e. Both a and c

f. Both b and d

f. Both b and d

According to the transtheoretical model, what stage of change is Ms. Davis in with regard to sipping juice?

a. Precontemplation

b. Contemplation

c. Preparation

d. Action

b. Contemplation

Which of the following are caries disease indicators for Ms. Davis?

a. History of periodontal disease

b. Restorations placed in the last 3 years

c. Medications

d. Frequent juice consumption

e. Future chemotherapy treatment

f. All of the above

f. All of the above

Ms. Davis's greatest concern is that her periodontal health will be compromised with chemotherapy. As a dental hygienist, you know the moderate level of plaque contributes to her periodontal status. How can you best support her concern?

a. Provide patient-centered counseling

b. Demonstrate the Spirit of motivational interviewing (MI) (partnership, acceptance, empathy, and compassion)

c. Utilize guiding strategies of open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, and summaries (OARS)

d. Resist the righting reflex

e. All of the above

e. All of the above

What interdental device would the dental hygienist recommend to Ms. Davis for plaque biofilm removal between #20 and #21?

a. Dental floss

b. Floss threader

c. Interdental brush

d. Oral irrigation

e. Both a and b

f. Both c and d

f. Both c and d

Ms. Davis is at risk for all of the following once she begins chemotherapy EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?

a. Caries

b. Oral cancer

c. Candida albicans

d. Oral mucositis

b. Oral cancer

What information should be included in the letter to Ms. Davis' oncologist?

a. Risk factors for oral conditions and diseases

b. Dietary counseling

c. Request clearance for future periodontal maintenance and dental treatment

d. The letter should include information for a, b, and c

e. A letter should NOT be sent since there was no conditions or diseases found during dental examination

d. The letter should include information for a, b, and c

Ms. Davis does not like to use dental floss, but she is receptive to suggestions because her periodontal health is important to her. All of the following can be used as an alternative to floss to help maintain periodontal health EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?

a. Dental water jet

b. Dentifrice with triclosan

c. Fluoride varnish

d. Antimicrobial mouthrinse

c. Fluoride varnish

Which of the following is contributing to Mr. Robinson's periodontal condition?

a. Insulin for type 1 diabetes

b. Plaque biofilm

c. Smoking

d. Bruxism

e. Both a and b

f. Only b, c, and d

f. Only b, c, and d

The dental hygienist presents the dental hygiene diagnosis of four quadrants of scaling and root planing to treat Mr. Robinson's periodontal disease. Performing scaling and root planing falls under which of the following steps of the dental hygiene process of care?

a. Assessment

b. Dental hygiene diagnosis

c. Planning

d. Implementation

e. Evaluation

f. Documentation

d. Implementation

All of the following should be included in the care plan for Mr. Robinson EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?

a. Tobacco cessation

b. Oral hygiene education

c. Occlusal guard

d. Consult with an endocrinologist

e. Referral for periodontal surgery

e. Referral for periodontal surgery

What American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification is applicable to Mr. Robinson?

a. ASA I

b. ASA II

c. ASA III

d. ASA IV

c. ASA III

Mr. Robinson returns for the 6 week periodontal reevaluation. Localized areas in the posterior of all four quadrants have not responded to nonsurgical periodontal therapy. The dental hygienist should modify the care plan with the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the exception?

a. Retreat the areas with nonsurgical periodontal therapy

b. Place a locally delivered antibiotic

c. Refer to a periodontist for an evaluation

d. Schedule for a 2-3 month periodontal maintenance

d. Schedule for a 2-3 month periodontal maintenance

Which of the following dentifrices can Mr. Robinson use to reduce bleeding and inflammation?

a. Dentifrice containing triclosan

b. Dentifrice with sodium fluoride

c. Dentifrice with potassium nitrate

d. Dentifrice with hydrogen peroxide

a. Dentifrice containing triclosan

Mr. Robinson can benefit from all the following to remove plaque biofilm from the furcation of #19 and #30 except for one. Which one is the exception?

a. Floss

b. Interdental wedge

c. Proxy brushes

d. Daily oral irrigation

a. Floss

What is the MOST appropriate next steps for treatment of the white plaque on the floor of the Mr. Smith's mouth?

a. Smoking cessation

b. Inform Mr. Smith and document in the patient record

c. Evaluate the lesion with VELscope or ViziLite

d. Referral for biopsy

d. Referral for biopsy

What American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status Classification is applicable to Mr. Robinson?

a. ASA I

b. ASA II

c. ASA III

d. ASA IV

b. ASA II

What are Mr. Smith's modifiable risk(s) for developing oral cancer?

a. Use of ECIGS

b. Age

c. Race

d. Use of cannabis in a vape pen

e. Both a and d

f. Only a, b, and d

e. Both a and d

Which of the following should the dental hygienist implement in the care plan for Mr. Smith?

a. Tobacco cessation

b. Oral self-examination

c. Dietary counseling

d. Caries prevention

e. Both a and b

f. All of the above

e. Both a and b

The dental hygienist includes a lesion description in Mr. Smith's patient record. What category is this step of the dental hygiene process of care?

a. Assessment

b. Dental hygiene diagnosis

c. Planning

d. Implementation

e. Evaluation

f. Documentation

f. Documentation

What is MOST likely the cause of Mrs. Lopez's radiographic caries and cervical white spot lesions?

a. Plaque biofilm

b. Bleeding on probing

c. Insurance policy change

d. Peppermint candies

e. Both a and d

e. Both a and d

Which of the following mouthrinses may reduce plaque and caries for Mrs. Lopez?

a. 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate

b. 0.05% sodium fluoride

c. 0.1% stannous fluoride

d. Cetylpyridinium chloride

c. 0.1% stannous fluoride

Which of the following toothbrushing methods should the dental hygienist suggest for Mrs. Lopez?

a. Bass method

b. Charters' method

c. Stillman's method

d. Fones method

a. Bass method

Mrs. Lopez is not interested in changing any behaviors. Which of the following suggestions is MOST appropriate for the dental hygienist to discuss with Mrs. Lopez to reduce her caries risk?

a. Use a fluoride mouth rinse

b. Come in for a 3-month periodontal maintenance

c. Switch to a xylitol mint

d. Brush and floss more

c. Switch to a xylitol mint

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate chairside intervention for her white spot lesions?

a. Fluoride varnish

b. Sliver diamine fluoride

c. Fluoride gel in tray

d. Sealants

a. Fluoride varnish

A 19-year-old female college soccer player presents for her 6-month recall. Her chief complaint is sharp pain when she drinks her sports drink during practice. The sharp pain does not occur every time and only lasts a short period of time. Her health history is insignificant. Clinical findings include marginal gingivitis, localized recession on the facials the canines and premolars, and light calculus on the lingual of the mandibular anteriors. What is MOST likely the cause of her sharp pain?

a. Gingivitis

b. Dentinal hypersensitivity

c. Calculus

d. Caries

b. Dentinal hypersensitivity

Dentinal hypersensitivity may be caused by the following stimuli?

a. Thermal stimuli

b. Electric stimuli

c. Mechanical stimuli

d. Chemical stimuli

e. Both b and c

f. Only a, c, and d

f. Only a, c, and d

The dental hygienist placed sealant on the occlusal surface of all first molars on an 8-year-old child. Isolation with a rubber dam was successful on the mandibular arch, but difficult to secure on the maxillary arch. The dental hygienists elected to isolate the maxillary first molars with cotton rolls. The teeth were dried and etched prior to the sealant placement. Six months later the child presents for a routine prophylaxis and examination. The sealants on the maxillary first molars failed. What is MOST likely the cause?

a. Ineffective etching

b. Ineffective isolation

c. Insufficient rinsing of etch material

d. Insufficient drying of the tooth surface

e. Both a and c

f. Both b and d

f. Both b and d

Inadequate homecare of removable oral appliances may result in all of the following oral conditions EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a. Caries lesions

b. Tissue lesions

c. Oral cancer

d. Candid albicans

c. Oral cancer

The dental hygienists can use the following for pulpal vitality testing EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

a. Periodontal probing

b. Palpation

c. Percussion

d. Radiographs

a. Periodontal probing

Which of the following are barriers for individuals to obtain information on oral disease prevention?

a. Access to oral health care

b. Oral health literacy

c. Cost or lack of dental insurance

d. Fear of dental procedures

e. All of the above

e. All of the above

Which of the following is the MOST effective method of tobacco cessation intervention?

a. Tobacco dependency counseling

b. Professional advice giving

c. Pharmacotherapeutic agents

d. Both a and c

d. Both a and c