CHM2046 Ch14 reactions

G1 alkali metal reactions with halogens

2E (s) + X₂ → 2EX (s)

X= F, Cl, Br, I

Alkali metals with H2O

2E (s) + H₂O (l) → 2E+ (aq) + 2OH^- + H₂

alkali metals reaction w H2

2E (s) + H₂ (g) → 2EH (s)

alkaline earth metals with O2

2E (s) + O₂ (g) → 2EO (s)

larger alkaline earth metals with H2O

E (s) + 2H₂O → E²⁺ (aq) + 2OH^- (aq) + H₂ (g)

E= Ca, Sr, Ba

alkaline earth metals reduce halogens to form ionic halides

E (s) + X₂ → EX₂ (s)

E = all except Be

alkaline earth metals reduce nitrogen to form ionic hydrides

3E (s) + N₂ (g) → E₃N₂ (g)

alkaline earth metal oxides are basic except BeO

EO (s) + H2O (l) → E2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq)

alkaline earth metals carbonates undergo thermal decomposition

ECO3 (s) + heat → EO (s) + CO2 (g)

how to group 3A elements react with water

sluggishly , form element ion, OH-, and H+

group 3A heated with pure O2 and form oxides

4E (s) + 3O2 (g) → 2E₂O₃ (s)

E = B, Al, Ga, In

group 3A elements reduce halogens

2E (s) + 3X2 → 2EX3

Group 4A oxidizes halogens

E (s) + 2X₂ → EX₄

E = C, Si, Ge

silicon is reduced by carbon to for elemental silicon

SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO

haber process fixes nitrogen industrially

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

formation of hydrides of group 5A

formed by reaction in water or acid of a metal phosphide, arsenide, etc

how are halides of G5A formed

direct combination of elements

EX3 + X2 → EX5

E= all except Ni and Bi w X = F and Cl

how are oxoacids of g5A formed

from the halides in a reaction w water

EX3 + 3H2O → H3EO3 + 3HX E = all except N

EX5 +4H2O → H3EO4 + 5HX E = all except N and Bi

how are group 6A halides formed

direct combination

E (s) + X2 → various halides

E = S, se, Te X = F, Cl

g6A oxidation by O2

E (s) + O2 → EO2 E = S, Se, Te, Po

oxidation of SO2

2SO2 + O2 → 2SO3

formation of thiosulfate ion

alkali metal sulfite reacts w sulfur

S8 (g) + 8Na2SO3 (s) → 8 Na2S2O3 (aq)

g7A reaction w H2

X2 + H2 → 2HX

halogen disproportionation in water

X2 + H2O → HX + HXO

x = Cl, Br, I

halogens forming hypohalites and halates

3Cl₂ (g) + 6OH^- (aq) → ClO₃^- (aq) + 5Cl^- (aq) + 3H₂O (l)