Vitamins and Their Functions

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to vitamins, their classification, functions, absorption, and roles in the body.

Water-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in water and are not stored in the body; include B vitamin complex and Vitamin C.

Fat-soluble vitamins

Vitamins that dissolve in fats and can be stored in the body's fatty tissue; include Vitamins A, D, E, K.

Provitamins

Substances that must be converted into active vitamins in the body.

Bioavailability

The degree and rate at which a vitamin or nutrient is absorbed and utilized by the body.

Antioxidants

Compounds that neutralize free radicals and counteract oxidation, helping to protect the body.

Free radicals

Unstable molecules with an unpaired electron that can cause oxidative stress and damage cellular components.

Oxidative stress

A condition resulting from the accumulation of free radicals that damage DNA and proteins.

Vitamin A

A fat-soluble vitamin important for vision, immunity, and cell growth; includes retinol and carotenoids.

Carotenodermia

A condition resulting from excessive beta-carotene intake, causing yellow-orange discoloration of the skin.

Vitamin D

A fat-soluble vitamin that helps regulate calcium and phosphorus absorption and has a role in bone health.

Vitamin E

An antioxidant that protects cell membranes and prevents the oxidation of LDL cholesterol.

Vitamin K

A fat-soluble vitamin essential for blood clotting and bone health, found in green plants and produced by bacteria.