Assessing Nutrition & Anthropometric Measurements

Flashcards covering nutritional assessment definitions, malnutrition criteria, laboratory indicators, anthropometric measurement protocols, and BMI classifications.

Nutrition

The state of balance between nutrient intake and physiological requirements for growth and health maintenance.

Diagnostic Criteria for Malnutrition

Requires at least two of the following six criteria: low energy intake, weight loss, loss of muscle mass, loss of subcutaneous fat, fluid accumulation, or diminished hand strength.

Undernutrition Risk Factors

Includes alcoholism, behavioral/mental health issues, chronic/acute illness, decreased cognitive function, elderly age, illiteracy, disabilities, lack of financial means, traumatic brain injury, and substance abuse.

Anemia Lab Tests

Tests include Complete Blood Count (CBC), Red Blood Cell (RBC), Hemoglobin (Hgb), Hematocrit (Hct), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), and Platelet Count.

Nutritional Markers

Laboratory indicators including Vitamin B-12, Folate, Ferritin, Prealbumin, and Albumin.

Methods for Obtaining Diet History

Tools such as the 24-hour diet recall, three-day diary, and direct observation to identify baseline dietary patterns.

Direct Observation Calculation

A scoring system for meal intake where each food item counts as $1$ point: $3/4$ eaten = $1$ point, half eaten = $1/2$ point, and $\frac{1}{4}$ eaten or less = $0$ points (condiments are excluded).

Water Body Composition

Water typically comprises $60 \%$ of total human body weight.

Functions of Water

Key roles include lubrication, temperature regulation, helping convert food into energy, assisting in digestion, and maintaining good skin.

Components of Nutritional Status Assessment

Based on physical examination, anthropometric measurements, laboratory data, and food intake information.

Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST)

A screening process that scores recent unplanned weight loss (ranging from $0$ to $4$ points) and poor appetite ($0$ or $1$ point) to determine risk; a total score of $2$ or more indicates the patient is at risk.

Anthropometric Measurements

Physical measurements used to assess nutritional status, including height, weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), abdominal circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio.

Underweight BMI

A Body Mass Index (BMI) of $< 18.5$.

Normal BMI

A Body Mass Index (BMI) between $18.5$ and $24.9$.

Overweight BMI

A Body Mass Index (BMI) between $25$ and $29.9$.

Obese BMI

A Body Mass Index (BMI) between $30$ and $34.9$.

Extremely Obese BMI

A Body Mass Index (BMI) of $> 35$.

Abdominal Circumference Assessment

Measurement taken by placing tape at the level of the iliac crest (near the navel) and recording the diameter at the end of normal expiration.

Waist-to-Hip Ratio

Calculated by dividing the waist measurement by the hip measurement to assess health risk and body shape (e.g., Pear, Avocado, or Apple).

Apple Body Shape (High Risk)

Determined by a waist-to-hip ratio of $0.85+$ in women or $1.0+$ in men.

Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC)

A measurement taken at the midpoint between the acromion process and the olecranon process, used as an alternative indicator for body protein stores and skeletal muscle mass.

Nutrition Facts Label Components

Standard information including serving size, calorie information, nutrient amounts, and $\%$ Daily Values (DV).