ATI Teas 7 - SCIENCE(Anatomy & Physiology, Biology, Chemistry and Scientific Method) Key Terms, Cell Biology, Genetics & DNA, Scientific Method, Human Body Systems, Biology: Cell Functions, Genetics, and Basic Chemistry Concepts, Biology: Cell Functi…

Cell

The basic unit of life

Tissue

A group of similar cells working together

Organ

A structure made of tissues with a specific function

Organ System

A group of organs working together

Homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment

Mitochondria

Produces energy (ATP)

Nucleus

Controls cell activities and contains DNA

Cell Membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Diffusion

Movement from high to low concentration

Osmosis

Diffusion of water

Circulatory System

Transports blood, oxygen, and nutrients

Heart

Pumps blood throughout the body

Respiratory System

Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

Lungs

Organs where gas exchange occurs

Digestive System

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients

Stomach

Breaks down food with acid

Nervous System

Controls body responses

Brain

Main control center

Neurons

Nerve cells that transmit signals

Musculoskeletal System

Supports movement and structure

DNA

Genetic material that carries instructions

Gene

A segment of DNA

Chromosome

Structure that holds DNA

Mitosis

Cell division producing identical cells

Meiosis

Cell division producing reproductive cells

Photosynthesis

Plants use sunlight to make food

Cellular Respiration

Cells convert glucose into energy

Ecosystem

Living and nonliving things interacting

Atom

Smallest unit of matter

Element

A substance made of one type of atom

Compound

Two or more elements chemically combined

Molecule

Two or more atoms bonded together

pH Scale

Measures acidity or alkalinity (0-14)

Acid

pH less than 7

Base

pH greater than 7

Chemical Reaction

Process that forms new substances

Hypothesis

A testable prediction

Experiment

A controlled test of a hypothesis

Independent Variable

The factor you change

Dependent Variable

The factor you measure

Control Group

The group not exposed to the variable

Conclusion

Final results based on data

What is the function of mitochondria?

Produce ATP (energy)

What is the function of the nucleus?

Control center of the cell

What does the cell membrane do?

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

What is osmosis?

Movement of water across a membrane

What is diffusion?

Movement from high to low concentration

What organelle makes proteins?

Ribosomes

What is the cytoplasm?

Gel-like fluid where organelles are found

What is homeostasis?

Maintaining stable internal conditions

What is active transport?

Movement using energy (ATP)

What is passive transport?

Movement without energy

Where is DNA found?

Nucleus

What is a gene?

Segment of DNA

What is a chromosome?

DNA structure carrying genes

What is mitosis?

Cell division for growth/repair

What is meiosis?

Cell division for reproduction

What do mutations affect?

DNA sequence

What is dominant trait?

Trait that shows up over recessive

What is recessive trait?

Only shows if no dominant allele

What does DNA control?

Protein production

What is heredity?

Passing traits from parents to offspring

What is a hypothesis?

Testable prediction

What is an experiment?

Test of hypothesis

What is the independent variable?

What is changed

What is the dependent variable?

What is measured

What is a control group?

No variable applied

Why use control group?

For comparison

What is a conclusion?

Summary of results

What is data?

Collected information

What does the heart do?

Pumps blood

What do lungs do?

Exchange oxygen and CO₂

What does the digestive system do?

Breaks down food

What does the nervous system do?

Sends signals

What does the skeletal system do?

Supports body

What does the muscular system do?

Enables movement

What is blood's main function?

Transport oxygen/nutrients

What is the brain's role?

Control center of body

What is the main function of mitochondria?

Produce ATP (energy)

What is the function of the nucleus?

Controls cell activities and contains DNA

What does the cell membrane do?

Controls what enters and leaves the cell

What is osmosis?

Movement of water across a membrane

What is diffusion?

Movement from high to low concentration

What happens when a cell swells in a solution?

Water is moving into the cell by osmosis

What organelle makes proteins?

Ribosomes

What is homeostasis?

Maintaining stable internal conditions

What is active transport?

Movement requiring energy (ATP)

What is passive transport?

Movement without energy

Where is DNA found in the cell?

Nucleus

What is a gene?

Segment of DNA that codes for a trait

What is a chromosome?

DNA structure carrying genetic information

What is mitosis used for?

Growth and repair of cells

What is meiosis used for?

Production of sex cells (sperm/egg)

What happens if a trait is dominant?

It is expressed even if only one allele is present

What is a recessive trait?

Only expressed when two recessive alleles are present

What is pH below 7?

Acidic

What is pH above 7?

Basic

What is neutral pH?

7

What does an acid do?

Increases hydrogen ions in solution

What does a base do?

Reduces hydrogen ions in solution