Amino Acids EXAM 1 MATERIAL

Gross Ass Virgins Love Intense Morning Porn With Friends- NON POLAR AMINO ACIDS

Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Proline, Tryptophan (trip... Whoops), Phenylaline (ph... F)

Sexy Thots Need Good Toys Constantly- POLAR AMINO ACIDS

Serine, Threonine. Asparagine (N is letter for it), Glutamine, Tyrosine. Cysteine

ACIDS version: Angry Girls Love Rough Head

Acids: Aspartic acid (aspartate), Glutamic acid (glutamate)

Bases Version: Angry Girls Love Rough Head

Bases: Lysine. Arginine (ARG- R sound), Histidine

Polar - HYDROPHILIC

"polar people are clingy": uneven charges, like interacting with other charged things , form attractions aka hydrogen bonds, love water : OH, NH, CHARGED ATOMS

Nonpolar- HYDROPHOBIC

Nonpolar people just wanna be left the fck alone: evenly shared electrons. no partial charges, avoid water, mostly HYDROCARBONS: "DON'T touch me"

Covalent

covalent couples are married as fck: share electrons,. STRONG bonds, hard to break= peptide bonds. disulfide bonds "PERMANENT RELATIONSHIP"

Noncovalent HYDROPHOBIC- hate water more than they hate each other

Noncovalent is just hookup energy: weak temporary interactions, hydrogen bonds, ionic attractions, hydrophobic interactions, van der waals "SITUATIONSHIP" form and break just as easily

Acids vs bases (acids addition)

acids give head (donate H+)

Acids vs bases (bases addition)

Bases beg for Head (accept H+)

amino acid structure

Carbon likes four hookups (4 C's) a nut (amino group), cock (central carbon), a hoe (COOH), a random side btch (R group)

peptide bond

OH removed from carboxyl group, H removed from amino group= COOH + NH2--> CO-NH+ H20 "one amino acid loses the OH the other loses the H and they smash together"

Electronegativity

Oxygen's a needy c*nt (most electronegative, then follows Nitrogen and Carbon

ionic interactions

Opposite charges attract = electrostatic interaction Water cockblocks them = weaker in biology (ionic interaction)

pI

the ph where the molecule has NO net charge pI= perfectly indifferent "At pI, the molecule stops giving a charge."

low

pH

POSITIVE - low pH= lots of H+ around (amino acid grabs extra protons), "Below the pI, the amino acid is thirsty and takes head (H+)"

Protonated

more protonated --> more positive (MORE H+)

pH> pI

NEGATIVE- high pH= dry environement (loses protons). "Above the pI, the amino acid gets dry and bitter"

pH= pI

neutral- emotionally balanced low pH → more H⁺ attached → more positive

high pH → fewer H⁺ attached → more negative

Alanine at pH 2 and pI 6

very protonated because pH

Alanine at pH 11 and pI 6

pH> pI so that means it is more deprotonated (NEGATIVE) and therefore less H's to go around "dry and negative"

Alanine at pH 6 and pI 6

neutral = net 0

default rule at physiological ph 7 aspartate (aspartic acid)

side chain has COOH ph 7> pha (4)= negative= turns into COO- = -1 N terminus NH3+= positive (beginning amino acid)

At pH 7 - acids addition

negative (acids lose H+)

at pH 7 Bases addition

positive (bases keep H+)

DNA’s charge overall

NEGATIVEEE “DNA is a bitter negativre bitch” so it attracts positive residues “clingy basic amino acids”

at pH 7 positive ones

Positive team

• Lys

• Arg

• sometimes His

• N-terminus

at pH 7 negative ones

Negative team

• Asp

• Glu

• C-terminus

Then just compare:

More positives? → overall positive
More negatives? → overall negative
Equal? → neutral

SDS is a detergent that…

unfolds proteins, coats them with negative charge “SDS spray paints every protein negative”

Calculating purification process

more purity = less yield (protein loss)

OIL RIG

“oxidation is loss” “reduction is gain”