Amendments

1st Amendment

Protects freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.

2nd Amendment

Ensures the right to bear arms.

3rd Amendment

Prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes.

4th Amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures.

5th Amendment

Guarantees due process, double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and eminent domain.

6th Amendment

Ensures the right to a fair and speedy trial.

7th Amendment

Provides for the right to trial by jury in civil cases.

8th Amendment

Prohibits excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishment.

9th Amendment

States that rights not enumerated in the Constitution are retained by the people.

10th Amendment

Limits the powers of the federal government to those delegated to it by the Constitution.

14th Amendment

Guarantees equal protection under the law and due process, incorporating federal laws into states.

Selective Incorporation

Process of applying Bill of Rights protections to states via the 14th Amendment's Due Process Clause.

Civil Rights - Equal Protection Clause

Ensures equal treatment under the law.

Civil Rights - Due Process Clause

Guarantees fair treatment by the government.

15th Amendment

Prohibits denial of voting rights based on race, color, or previous servitude.

17th Amendment

Instituted direct election of U.S. Senators by popular vote.

19th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote.

24th Amendment

Abolished poll taxes in federal elections.

26th Amendment

Lowered the voting age to 18.