World History - 3rd Nine Weeks Test

Alliance

Formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense

Neutrality

Policy of supporting neither side in a war

No Man’s Land

Empty tract of land where everything has been destroyed by war

Conscription

The draft, which required all young men to be ready for military or other service

Reparations

Payment for war damages or damages caused by imprisonment

Nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

Stalement

Deadlock in which neither side can defeat the other

Total War

Channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort

Armistice

Mutual agreement to end fighting in a war

Causes for WWI

M.A.N.I.A

What does M.A.N.I.A stand for?

Militarism, Alliance, Nationalism, Imperialism, Assassination

Balkan Peninsula

Region described as the “Powder Keg of Europe” before WWI

Who were the Allied Powers of WWI?

Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, USA

Who were the Central Powers of WWI?

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

Franz Ferinand

Assassination of this Archduke sparked WWI

Lusitania

British passenger liner that was destroyed by a German U-boat

Battle of Verdun

The greatest and lengthiest battle of WWI, causing over 700,000 casualties

Woodrow Wilson

President of the United States during WWI

Russia

Country that left the war after signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Zimmerman Telegram

A message intercepted by the British from the German foreign minister that promised German support to Mexico retake land

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germans were attacking merchant and passenger ships

11/11/1918 @11AM

Date that the armistice was signed to mark the end of fighting in WWI

Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty that ended WWI

Fourteen Points

Woodrow Wilson’s peace plan

Paris Peace Conference

A meeting of nearly thirty countries that was called to establish terms of peace after WWI ended

Who were the “Big 3” at the Paris Peace Conference?

GB - David Lloyd George

France - Georges Clemenceau

USA - Woodrow Wilson

Communism

An extreme form of socialism which has a classless society in which all wealth and property would be owned by the government

Soviets

Council of workers and soldiers set up by Russian revolutionaries in 1917

Means of Production

Farms, factories, railways, and other large businesses that produce and distribute goods

Proletariat

Refers to the working class

Vladmir Lenin

Leader of the Bolshevik Revolution who studied the works of Karl Marx

Grigori Rasputin

Self-proclaimed holy man who was murdered by Russian nobles to save the monarchy

Czar Nicholas II

He went to the frontline during WWI leaving his wife in charge of Russia. He was later forced to abdicate

Bolsheviks

Radical revolutionary group led by Lenin who wanted socialism in Russia

March Revolution

When the people of St. Petersburg rioted in the streets for bread, and Nicholas II was forced to abdicate

November Revolution

When the Russian army turned against the government and joined the Bolsheviks. Lenin and the Bolsheviks would overthrow the provisional government and take power in Russia

November Revolution

What revolution led to the Russian Civil War?

Whites

In the Russian Civil War, the Red Army (Reds) fought against the _____.

Cheka

Secret police force organized by the Reds who executed Russian citizens even if they were only suspected of taking actions against the revolution

Ahimsa

Hindu belief in nonviolence and a reverence for all life

General Strike

Strike by workers in many different industries at the same time

Civil Disobedience

Refusal to obey unjust laws

Disarmament

Reduction of armed forces and weapons

Mohandas Gandhi

Father of Indian Independence" who adopted the weapon of nonviolent resistance

Yuan Shikai

Tried to set up a new dynasty with himself as emperor

Mao Zedong

Leader during The Long March

Jiang Jieshi

Saw the Chinese Communist party as a threat to his power

Great Depression

U.S. event that affected countries worldwide.

Salt March

Gandhi led thousands of Indian natives to the sea

Easter Sunday in 1916

Holiday in 1916 did a small group of Irish rebels lead a revolt against British rule

Maginot Line

Defensive wall built by France to protect them from an invasion from Germany

Japan

Country that attempted to make China a protectorate in its Twenty-One Demands

What was the four causes of the Great Depression?

Buying on Credit, Supply & Demand, Buying on Margin, Stock Market Crash

Amritsar

Event that killed 379 people when British soldiers fired on a peaceful crowd.

Japanese Goods

What did Chinese students boycott during the May Fourth Movement?

What were some postwar issues that European countries experienced after WWI?

Shattered optimism, returning veterans needed jobs, cities and villages had to be rebuilt, nations owed huge war debts, economy fueled social unrest, and people began seeing socialism as the answer to their problems

Collectives

Large farm owned and operated by peasants as a group

Totalitarian State

Government in which one-party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens' lives

Command Economy

System in which government officials make all basic economic decisions

Kulaks

Wealthy peasant in the Soviet Union in the 1930's

Atheism

Belief that there is no God

Joseph Stalin

Man of Steel" who took power in the Soviet Union and "purged" more than 4 million people

Industrial

Stalin’s primary goal was to turn the Soviet Union into this type of power

Great Purge

Era when Stalin's power increased, 4 million people were "purged", and people were thrown into forced-labor camps

Chancellor

Prime minister

Fascism

Any authoritarian government that is not communist

Nuremberg Laws

Laws made to define and enforce racial policies, particularly targeting Jewish people

Third Reich

Nazi Germany under Adolf Hitler

Leon Trotsky

Believed in spreading communism world-wide, was killed in Mexico

Mussolini

Italian leader promised to end corruption and revive Roman greatness

Nazi Party

National Socialist German Workers

Adolf Hitler

Leader of the Nazi Party

Government

During Stalin’s reign, who controlled all economic output?

Black Shirts

Mussolini’s group that broke up rallies, silenced the press, and destroyed farming cooperatives

March on Rome

When tens of thousands Fascist went to Italy’s capital to demand changes

Weimar Republic

Immediately after WWI, what was Germany’s government called?

Dawes Plan

What was the plan called that the United States introduced to Germany to help them pay off their war debt?

Mein Kampf

Book that Adolf Hitler wrote describing his belief in the “master race.”

Kristallnacht

Massive attack on Jews throughout Germany on November 9, 1938