ochem exam 1 study

alkane

single bonded hydrocarbon

formula for formal charge

number valance electron - number bonds - number of radicals

covalent compound

nonmetal + nonmetal

ionic compound

metal+nonmetal

methyl

1 carbon

CH³

ethyl

• 2 carbon

• CH³CH³

propyl

• 3 carbon

• CH²CH²CH³

isopropyl

• 3 carbon

• CH(CH³)²

butyl

• 4 carbon

• C^4H^9

secbutyl

• 4 carbon

• C^4H^9

• 1 CH³

isobutyl

• 4 carbon

• C^4H^9

• 2 CH³

tertbutyl

• 4 carbon

• C^4H^9

• 3 CH³

IHD formula

(2#C+2)-H/2

saturated

compound with max H

unsaturated

compound with less than max H

what group is used to determine 5 functional groups (aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, amide)

carbonyl

1 degree (primary)

1 C bound to alcohol/alkyl halide C

2 degree (secondary)

2 C bound to alcohol/alkyl halide C

alkene

double bonded hydrocarbon

alkyne

triple bonded hydrocarbon

aromatic

ring of hydrocarbon

alkyl halide

carbon surrounded by 3 R/H and 1 X (F, Cl, Br, I)

alcohol

carbon surrounded by 3 R/H and 1 OH

amine

carbon surrounded by 3 R/H and 1 N

aldehyde

O double bond to R and H

ketone

O double bond to 2 R

carboxylic acid

O double bond to R and OH

ester

O double bond to R and OR

amide

O double bond to R and N

nitrile

R bond to C double bond to N

ether

O single bond to 2 R