Urban models/theories

Burgess concentric-zone model(main transportation)

Walking & horses

Hoyt Sector model(main transportation)

Streetcars

Ullman Multiple Nuclei model(main transportation)

car

Galactic City Model(main transportation)

cars on interstate highways

Bid Rent Theory

Land is more expensive closer to the central node(CBD)

What do models show?

Decentralization

How do models change?

Transportation innovations

CBD

Central Business District, the “downtown” area.

Burgess Concentric-Zone Model rings

1. CBD
2. Transition zone
3. Low income housing
4. Middle income housing
5. Commuting zone

Burgess Concentric-Zone Model

Poorer people must live closer to CBD to walk and rich can afford houses further away from the CBD

Hoyt Sector Model

Shows wedges of similar areas, sectors, radiate, from CBD along streetcar lines AND affordable transportation allows the city to expand

Harris-Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model

CBD continues to lose importance as edge cities develop

Galactic City Model

Sprawl, decentralization, and suburbanization to their greatest extent

Latin American Cities Model

Spine that extends from CBD surrounded by high-class residents and connects to the mall

Sub-Saharan African Cities Model

There are 3 CBD’s: colonial, market, and traditional

Colonial(CBD)

Aspects of european cities because is it from when the city was colonized

Traditional(CBD)

Where vertical integration occurs

Market(CBD)

An open-air market

Example of Sub-Saharan African Cities Model

Accra, Ghana

Southeast Asian Cities Model

The cities have a port zone near bodies of water

Southeast Asian Cities Model example

Hong Kong, China

Latin American Cities Model example

Mexico City, Mexico

Middle East(Islamic Cities) internal structure

Centered around a mosque and are very private

European Cities internal structure

Medieval traits and greenbelts

white flight

the process of white families to suburbs

zoning

the process of cities being divided into zones where only certain types of land use is permitted

infiling

redevelopment of vacant land for new buildings

mixed land use

combination of diff. types of land use within neighborhood such as residential, commercial, industrial

Transportation-oriented development

Development of more public transportation reduces air pollution caused by car emissions

inclusionary zones

local policies that requires part of new housing to be affordable by people with low to moderate incomes

greenbelts

undeveloped land that surrounds city on which building is restricted

Redevelopment of brownfields

sustainably reusing former industrial or commercial site that may be contaminated