Computer Science: Operating Systems, Memory, Graphics, and Data Encoding

What are the 4 main function of the OS?

Security, multi-tasking, peripheral management, memory management, user interface

Which is not important in converting analog to digital?

Wait states

What is Instruction Register (IR) in CPU?

A temporary holding place for the instruction that has just been fetched from memory.

Which of the following is NOT an application software?

Firmware

Why is persistent storage important?

To allow data to be saved when the computer is turned off

The Program Counter Register holds:

The address of the next instruction to be executed

RAM is an acronym for:

Random Access Memory

In hexadecimal colour representation #FF00FF, what colour is being represented?

Violet

The two main units of a microprocessor are:

Control Unit, Arithmetic Logic Unit

Music and movie files most often use this compression:

Lossy

Virtual memory is:

Using secondary memory when primary memory is full

During the machine instruction cycle, that is the role of the Memory Data Register (MDR)?

It temporarily holds data moving between the processor and main memory.

The three connectors of a transistor are:

Source, Gate, Drain

Which of the following happen at the end of fetch operation in machine instruction cycle?

The Program Counter(PC) is incremented to point to the next instruction.

The Accumulator register holds:

The results of a computation in the ALU

The data bus is used to:

Move data to and from memory, and move instructions from memory

What are some common features of applications? Select all that apply.

Dialog boxes & Graphic User Interface Components; Toolbars & menus; AI chatbots & agents

Which file format is an example of vector graphics?

.SVG

"Built-In" computer memory containing data that normally can only be read, not written to.

ROM(Read Only Memory)

Data compression can be:

Lossy or Lossless

How many different colours can be represented using 24-bit colour depth (True Color)?

16,777,216

What is the main advantage of vector graphics over bitmap/raster graphics?

Vector graphics can be scaled to any size without losing quality

Secondary memory is used for:

Storing programs and data when the computer is not on

Primary memory includes:

RAM and ROM

An image is 800 pixels wide and 600 pixels tall, using 24-bit colour depth. Approximately how much storage space does the uncompressed image require?

1.37 MB

When considering the representation of colors in computer systems, what is the primary implication of using a hexadecimal system like RGB with 6 hexadecimal digits (e.g., #RRGGBB)?

It determines the total number of distinct colors that can be represented, with two hexadecimal digits allocated to each of the Red, Green, and Blue components.

Why does UTF-8 use variable-length encoding?

To save space for common characters while supporting all Unicode characters

Analog data is:

Continuous

The address bus is used to:

Send address information to primary memory

A hospital is implementing new software to display X-ray and MRI scan images… Which format should be used?

Raster graphics, because medical scans are captured as pixel-based data

Vector graphics are composed of:

Mathematical formulas defining shapes and lines

The Machine Instruction Cycle is:

Fetch, Decode, Execute

What is the purpose of cache memory in a computer system?

To speed up the processing by storing frequently used data, immediately accessible to CPU

Anti-virus software involves:

All of the responses

ROM is an acronym for:

Read Only Memory

Choose the best definition for a bit:

The basic unit of information in computers and communications

If a string contains 20 characters and uses UTF-16 encoding, what is the minimum storage space required?

40 bytes

A string "HELLO" is stored in memory using ASCII encoding. How many bytes of storage does it require?

5 bytes

Where do each parts of the Machine Instruction cycle get performed at?

Fetch (RAM), Decode (CU), Execute (ALU), Store (RAM)

Choose the best definition for a byte:

A unit of information consisting of 8 bits

A megabyte of information can be stored with how many bytes?

2 to the 20th power

Which of the following is one of the primary functions of an operating system?

Managing memory allocation for running programs

The Control Unit:

Decodes program instructions and sends commands to the other units

A way for users to interact with software by interpreting visual elements like toolbars, buttons, and other controls.

GUI(Graphical User Interface)

The system clock in a computer is:

A quartz crystal oscillator on the motherboard that generates a steady stream of digital pulses to synchronize components.

If a display uses 16-bit colour (High Color), how many bits are typically allocated to the green channel?

6 bits

Transistors can be used to:

All of these

How many different values can be represented using 8 bits for an unsigned integer?

256

Which encoding system uses 8 bits per character and can represent 256 different characters?

Extended ASCII

If a signed integer uses two's complement representation with 8 bits, what is the range of values it can represent?

-128 to 127