Pharm Exam 4

What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of H2 receptor antagonists like Famotidine?

H2 antagonists block the H2 receptor of acid-producing parietal cells, leading to reduced hydrogen ion secretion and consequently reduced gastric acid secretion.

What should patients avoid while taking H2 receptor antagonists?

Patients should avoid alcohol, aspirin, and NSAIDs which can increase GI irritation.

What are some common patient teaching points for Docusate Sodium (Colace)?

Encourage a healthy, high-fiber diet and increased fluid intake. Long-term use of laxatives can lead to dependency.

What side effects are associated with Metoclopramide (Reglan)?

Drowsiness, sedation, extrapyramidal symptoms, and risk of irreversible tardive dyskinesia.

What is the indication for Ondansetron (Zofran)?

It is indicated for nausea and vomiting in patients receiving chemotherapy and for postoperative nausea and vomiting.

What should be monitored in older adults taking H2 receptor antagonists?

Monitor for confusion.

What effect does Sucralfate (Carafate) have on its absorption?

It may impair absorption of other drugs; give other drugs at least 2 hours before Sucralfate.

What is the primary MOA of Docusate Sodium?

It is an emollient that promotes more water and fat in the stools, lubricating the fecal material.

What are the instructions for taking Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)?

Patients should swallow the tablets whole with 8 oz of water and not crush or chew them.

What is a common side effect of aluminum hydroxide antacids?

Constipation.

What teaching point is crucial for patients taking Alendronate (Fosamax)?

Patients must take it with a full glass of water and remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking.

What is a contraindication for Ondansetron?

Long QT syndrome.

What is the recommended dosage schedule for Omeprazole (Prilosec)?

Take orally once daily before the first meal of the day.

What can reduce the absorption of calcium?

Glucocorticoids, cereals, rhubarb, and spinach.

What serious adverse effects are associated with Methotrexate?

Bone marrow suppression, dizziness, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis, and teratogenic effects.

For what condition should Etanercept (Enbrel) never be used without screening?

Patients must be screened for latex allergy.

What essential signs are assessed during therapy with Allopurinol?

Uric acid levels and kidney function.

What does Loperamide (Imodium) do?

It decreases bowel motility and relieves rectal spasms.

What patient education is crucial with Dextromethorphan?

It may be used in cases where coughing is harmful and is used to suppress the cough reflex.

What is the MOA of Ipratropium (Atrovent)?

It is an anticholinergic that prevents bronchial constriction by binding to acetylcholine receptors.

What is the MOA of Albuterol?

It is a short-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist that stimulates beta-2 receptors to cause bronchodilation.

What dietary advice is given with the use of theophylline?

Be aware of interactions with caffeine, which can increase the risk of toxicity.

Which condition is contraindicated in the use of Pseudoephedrine?

Narrow-angle glaucoma.

What is the side effect of Fluticasone?

It may cause oral candidiasis if not rinsed after use.

What should patients be informed about Montelukast (Singulair)?

It should be taken daily in the evening for chronic asthma management.

What common adverse effect occurs with Diphenhydramine?

Sedation.

What is a crucial nursing implication for patients treated with Methotrexate?

Advise to take folic acid supplements to reduce likelihood of toxicity and adverse effects.

What are the adverse effects of Celecoxib (Celebrex)?

Headache, sinus irritation, diarrhea, and a risk of GI bleed and cardiovascular events.

What side effects may be experienced with Oxybutynin (Ditropan)?

Increased heart rate, dry mouth, urinary retention, and CNS excitation.

What is the scenario that may lead to fluid or electrolyte loss in patients taking Bisacodyl?

Patients should contact prescribers if they experience severe abdominal pain, muscle weakness, cramps, or dizziness.

When is the best time to administer Ondansetron before chemotherapy or surgery?

30 minutes before surgery and 1 hour before chemotherapy.

What should patients taking aluminum hydroxide expect regarding how it works?

It neutralizes gastric acid but may lead to hypophosphatemia due to binding with phosphate.

What is the common method of administration for Sucralfate?

It should be administered on an empty stomach.

What mnemonic is used to remember signs of hypocalcemia?

CATS GO NUMB.

What is an important administration instruction for corticosteroid inhalers?

Use a beta-agonist bronchodilator several minutes before the corticosteroid.

What substance in medications can lead to increased side effects with calcium?

Digoxin.

What can help prevent rebound congestion when using decongestants?

Limit the use of Pseudoephedrine to no more than 3 to 5 days.

How does Famotidine affect gastric acid secretion?

It reduces hydrogen ion secretion, leading to decreased gastric acid secretion.

What is a serious reaction to watch for with Ondansetron in correlation with other medications?

Serotonin Syndrome if used with SSRIs or tricyclic antidepressants.