Acid Base Imbalance

What is the criteria for Respiratory Metabolic Acidosis?

[HCO3] < 24 mM, PCO2 < 40 mmHg

What is the criteria for renal respiratory acidosis?

PCO2 > 40 mmHg, [HCO3] > 24 mM

What is the criteria for metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation?

[HCO3] > 24 mM, PCO2 > 40 mmHg

What is the criteria for respiratory alkalosis with renal compensation?

PCO2 < 40 mmHg, [HCO3] < 24 mM

What is the process of respiratory acidosis?

• PCO2 > 45 mmHg

• Most common cause of acid base imbalance

• When person breathes shallowly or gas exchange is hamper by disease (e.g. CF, pneumonia, emphysema)

What is the process of respiratory alkalosis?

• PCO2 is too lose

• Symptoms: Excitation of CNS, light headed, tingling, muscle spasms

• Decrease in cocnentration of hydrogen ions

What is the process of metabolic acidosis?

• Kidney dysfunction

• Low hydrogen ion excretion

• Excessive keto acid production

• Prolonged diarrhoea = loss of bicarbonate

• Bicarbone below normal

• Causes are alcohol ingestion, accumulation of lactic acid, shock, ketosis in diabetic

• Respiratory compensation by hyperventilation

What is the process of metabolic alkalosis?

• Vomitiing with loss of gastric secretions

• Loss of acids

• Increase in alkaline substances

• Rising blood pH and bicarbonate levels

• Respiratory compensation by hypoventilation

What is the process of compensation by alternate control system to maintain acid-base balance

• Physiological response to an acid-base imbalance by repsiratory and renal compensation.

• Acid-base imbalance due to inadequacy of a physiological buffer system is compensated for by the other system.

• Respiratory system compensated metabolic acid-base imbalances

• Kidneys correct imbalanced caused by respiratory diseases