Cell Structure and Function

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to cell structures and functions, focusing on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic Cells

Simpler, smaller cells that lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Compartmentalization

The division of the cell into different compartments, allowing for specialization of cellular processes.

Nucleus

The largest organelle containing DNA and the nucleolus, involved in ribosome assembly.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins, made up of ribosomal RNA and protein.

Endomembrane System

A network of membranes involved in the processing and transport of cellular materials.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle that synthesizes proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER).

Golgi Apparatus

Organelles that package and ship proteins and lipids to various parts of the cell.

Vesicles

Membrane-bound structures that transport materials within the cell.

Lysosomes

Organelles filled with digestive enzymes, responsible for breaking down waste and macromolecules.

Peroxisomes

Organelles that detoxify harmful substances, containing enzymes like catalase.

Vacuoles

Storage organelles in cells, larger than lysosomes, storing substances like water and nutrients.

Mitochondria

Energy-producing organelles involved in cellular respiration and ATP production.

Chloroplasts

Organelles in plant cells responsible for photosynthesis, containing chlorophyll.

Endosymbiotic Theory

The theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotic cells.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers providing support and shape to eukaryotic cells.

Contractile Vacuole

A specialized vacuole in some protozoa that expels excess water.