Lec 16 - Population and Community

What is population size and density?

Size: the amount of individuals
Density: the amount of individuals in a given unit area

What are the two types of population surveying tools?

Quadrat: for immobile organism, wood square that is randomly place and used to count the number of individuals that lie within its boundaries

Mark and Recapture: capture, mark, release

What are the three distribution patterns?

Random, Clumped, Uniform

What is demography? What are life tables?

1) Statistical study of population changes over time
2) Table that provides important information about the life history of an organism and the life expectancy of individuals at each age

What are the 3 survivorship curves?

Type 1: low morality rate early, higher mortality rate late
Type 2: mortality rate stays the same
Type 3: high morality rate early, low morality rate late

What are the two different types of growth? What is K?

1) Exponential growth - J-shaped growth curve

Logistic growth - S-shaped growth curve

2) K - carrying capacity, max pop size for a particular environment

What is competition for resources among a population of the same species called?

Intraspecific competition

What are the two types of factors for population growth?

Density dependent factors

Density independent factors

What are the two different types of specie life-history trends?

k selected - few offspring, a lot of parental care

r selected - a lot of offspring, little to no parental care

What is a community? What is diversity?

1) Interacting populations occupying a given habitat
2) number of species occupying the same habitat and their relative abundance

What is aposematic coloration?

Species using colors as warning signs for predators

What is a niche? What is competitive exclusion?

1) Unique set of resources used by a species, including interactions with other species
2) Principle states that two species cannot occupy the same niche

What are symbiotic relationships? What are the three different symbiotic relathionsips?

1) Close, long-term interactions between individuals of different species

2)

• commensalism: one species benefits, the other is not helped or harmed

• mutualism: both benefit

• parasite: one benefits, the other gets harmed

What is species richness? What is relative species abundance?

1) the number of species living in a habitat
2) the number of individuals in a species relative to the total number of individuals in all species

What is a foundation species?

A species considered the that has the greatest influence on the overall structure of a community

What is a keystone species?

A species whose presence is key to maintaining biodiversity in an ecosystemW

What is succession? What is primary succession? What is secondary succession>

1) Sequential appearance and disappearance of species in a community over time

2)

• primary succession - newly exposed or newly formed rock is colonized by living organisms

• secondary succession - remnants of the previous community remain

What is a pioneer species? What is a climax community?

Pioneer species - first species to appear in succession
Climax Community - equilibrium state of a community, its peak