History WWII

• Robert Paxton, The Anatomy of Fascism

  • Rising ______

  • Idea of the hierarchy with a “chosen people” to ______others

  • Globalization seen as a _____

  • ________displacement

  • Sense of overwhelming _____

  • Feelings of __________

  • Justification of ________

  • ________ of traditional politics

  • Mass _______

• Nationalism

• dominate

• threat

• Economic

• crisis

• victimization

• violence

• Disruption

• politics

Remember the 5 C’s

• Change over time

• Context

  • The set-up of events

• Causality

  • Historical events have multiple causes

  • It is a result of several events

• Contingency

  • If “this” didn’t happen, “this other event” would not have happened

• Complexity

• Ideas in New Imperialism leading up to World War I (these led to Hitler’s ideas)

  • Balance of _______

  • European countries are trying to _______ resources

  • Control of ________

  • Extreme _______

  • Rise of ______ among imperialist nations

  • _______ build up

  • Hierarchy and Race

  • Concentration camps and genocide

• Power

• Monopolize

• Territory

• Nationalism

• tensions

• Military

• Hierarchy

What was the Katyn Massacre? Why was it significant?

• The Red Army executed Polish POWs

• It was one of the worst war crimes committed (Mawdsley)

Cash and carry November 1939

• Meant that the US would provide materials to Britain

• The US made Britain come and receive the resources in person

• The US did this because they didn’t want to put their ships/people in danger

Operation _____ ______ intended to get kids out of potential bombing areas.

Pied Piper

What war proved that the Soviet Union needed better equipment, materials, and uniforms against Scandinavia?

Russo-Finnish War

Why was Paul Reynaud chosen as prime minister of France in the wake of WWII?

He was not an appeaser

Deeply analyze, contextualize and discuss "Churchill's Island."  What was its domestic purpose?  What was its international purpose? How did it accomplish these purposes?  How does it relate to Churchill's speeches?     

• The domestic purpose was to boost morale of the people who were working hard

• The international purpose was to gain strength in order to defeat the Nazis

  • He wanted to convince other countries that Britain was resilient

  • Rallying cry

Compare the nature of fascist society in Germany in the 1930's and early 1940's to the nature of British society after the start of war in 1939.   What inspired or propelled each nation of people to unite in one purpose?  What types of activities and attitudes does war require that peace does not? Was one society more united than the other?  Explain.  

• Both societies were highly nationalistic

• Churchill wanted to make regular citizens feel included in fighting against the Nazis

• Germans were united through fear

Why was the Royal Air Force attack on Berlin important?

• The German citizens were previously promised that they would be safe in Berlin

• Deprived Germans of the resources they would need to make an attack across the channel

• Britain goes on the offensive, Hitler gets pushed on his heels a little

Why was Operation Barbarossa such a mistake by Germany?

• They underestimated the Red Army

  • It took longer than the Germans expected

  • This forced them to have to fight in the very cold weather

• They were now fighting on two fronts

• They were too far past their supply lines

• Pre-War Implementation

  • Freikorps (1918)

    • ___________

  • Prison camps (1933)

  • Marriage loans (1933)

    • ______________

  • T4 (1933-1945)

    • ______________

  • Nuremberg Laws (1934)

  • Lebensborn program (1936-1945)

    • _______________

  • Kristallnacht (Nov 9-10, 1938)

• Nationalist gangs attached to political parties

• Two people had to prove Aryan Race to get married and were compensated for having healthy babies

• Research on eliminating the “unfit” with gas

• Attempting to increase Aryan children born

• War-Time Implementation

  • Poland: Einsatzgruppen and Generalplan

    • _____________

  • _________ (1939)

    • Jews were smushed into neighborhoods that were way too small

    • They were intentionally starved

  • Barbarossa

  • _________ (1941)

    • Poison gas used to kill Jews/POWs

    • Was disguised as something else

  • The Final Solution (1942)

    • ___________

• Starving people to death in Poland

• Ghettoization

• Zyklon B

• Mass use of poison gas to kill Jews

Describe Browning and Goldhagen's arguments presented in Ordinary Men and Hitler's Willing Executioners.

• Browning

  • Most soldiers didn’t want to kill innocent Jews

  • Soldiers killed the Jews because they didn’t want to look weak

• Goldhagen

  • The soldiers knew what they were doing and were proud of it

  • Wives participated in killings

  • Soldiers did killings in front of citizens

  • Soldiers talked about it openly

Small examples of resistance

• People taking photos of Auschwitz

• People snuck food and clothes to the prisoners

• Not doing the Nazi salute

• Swing dancing

• White rose group    

  • Write leaflets about philosophy and pass them out

_________ were a French Resistance group that helped people escape from France.

Maquisards

How did Hitler’s use of resources show how committed he was to killing Jews?

He used resources to kill Jews he could’ve used in war.

Operation __________ was when the SOE was trying to assassinate Reinard Herdrich who was a favorite to succeed Hitler.

Anthropoid

Hitler focused on taking _________ because he thought it would be a huge blow to the Soviets. because _________________.

Stalingrad, it was deep in Russian territory and had a lot of arms plants (Mawdsley).

Churchill ________ bombardment while FDR _______ it.

supported, opposed

The Allies resorted to aerial assault because __________

it deprived Germany of vital resources.

What did the Lindemann Paper argue for to hurt Germany’s morale?

• Aerial bombardment

• Killing civillians

What was established between the US and Britain to plan their bombing strategies?

Combined Bomber Offensive

The _______ conference initially established a commitment to cross-channel invasion while the _______ reinforced the commitment.

Trident, Yalta

Operation _______ destroyed 48% of housing in Hamburg.

Gomorrah

Who was not present at the Moscow Conference in 1944 and could not push for self-determinacies of Germany?

FDR

What were the Four D’s in the ______ Conference in 1945?

• Demilitarization

• Democracy

• Decentralization

• Decartelization    

  • Big businesses had to be broken apart

Yalta

How to define Total War?

• When the war spills over into bombing of civilians

• ALL efforts of that society go towards the war

The _______ ______ was Germany’s plan of attack on the western countries.

Manstein Plan

The Allies landing at Salerno, Italy was called Operation _______.

Avalanche

Operation ________ was the Allies invading France.

Dragoon

The Soviets launched a massive offensive into Germany called Operation __________, which was a major defeat for Germany.

Bagration

What fighter aircraft had high performance, tactical range, and flight time and was an advantage over the Luftwaffe?

P-51 Mustang

What was the role of Soviet Partisans in the war?

• Developed good radio communication and were well-equipped

• Sabotaged rail systems in Germany

The Germans launched the people’s militia, or the __________, at the end of the war which showed ___________.

they were desperate

The last German offensive was the Battle of the Bulge at ___________, which was a _________ for Germany.

Ardennes, failure