CHAPTER 19 REAL NUCELOTDIES DNA RNA FINAL COPE

What are nucleotdies?

The Building block of DNA and RNA

They are the monomers of DNA and RNA

Whats the difference between nucleotides and nucletic aicds

Nucleic acids are long chains of nucleotides

What are the components of a nucletodie?

1) Nitrogenous Base

2) A Pentose Sugar (Ribose= RNA) (Deoxyribose= DNA)

3) Phosphoric Acid

What is the differnce between a Pyrimidine and Purine Nitrogenous base?

Purine is two rings

Pyrimidine is is single ring

What are the nitrogenous bases that belong to Purine

Adenine and Guanine

How do nucleotides join together to form a nucleic acid

It is arranged in a 5’ to 3 ‘ direction

The phosphate group is at the 5’ carboon this is the beginging on the chain, new nueclotdies join their 5’ to the 3’ OH group

When you are reading a nucleic acid what direction do you read it in

Starting from the 5’ carbhon phosphate end to the 3’ Carbon OH end

What is the primary structure for a nuecleic acid

Linear sequence of nuelotides bases arranged in a 5’ Phosphate to 3’ OH end

Its one dimentional

What is the secondary structure of nucleic acids

This is when nucleic acids start to pair up with their complementary bases

They complementary strand will run antiparallel

Double helix structure starts to form, connceted by hydrogen bonds

How many hydrogen bonds exist between A and T

2 Hydrogen bonds

How many hydrogen bonds exist between C and G

3 hydrogen bonds

Whats the differnce between DNA adn RNA

DNA uses Deoxyribose: Stores genetic INfo

RNA uses Ribonucleic : Using this DNA info to synthesize proteins

What happens during DNA replication

Double helix is broke, hydroen bonds broken

DNA is copied by enzyme dna polymerase

DNA Polymerase attaches corresponding DNA nucleotide

What happens during transcription?

This is the formation of a mRNA strand

RNA polymerse reads the templete DNA strand

Waht is special about the complementary bonding for RNA?

A goes to U instead of T

After mRNA is made where does it go?

goes to the ribosomes (rRNA)

When mRNA is in the ribosome what happens

tRNA brings the correct amino acid. It goes this by reading codon (three nucleotide) sequence on the mRNA. It uses the anticodon to read it.

How does a tRNA bring a amino acid to mRNA?

tRNA has a anticodon that only reads a certain codon on the mRNA. Once it does it goes and find the corresponding amino acid

Why si ATP considered a energy rich compound

After it gets hydrolyzed it releases a lot of energy turns into ADP